11 mark
What does a population pyramid of a country show?
its age and sex distribution
its employment pattern
its income distribution
its migration pattern
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Population (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Economics)
Exam Questions
2 hours42 questions21 mark
Which factor in the world’s low-income countries limits their economic development?
balance of payments surpluses
high saving ratios
large inflows of foreign investment
rapid population growth
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31 mark
What causes the birth rate to fall in a country?
Fewer women work.
Infant mortality rates rise.
Medical supplies and healthcare improve.
The optimum population increases.
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41 mark
Iran has recently experienced a natural increase in population.
What is the most likely cause of this increase?
Emigration exceeded immigration.
Immigration exceeded emigration.
The birth rate exceeded the death rate.
The death rate exceeded the birth rate.
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51 mark
What will lead to an ageing population if other factors remain unchanged?
a fall in the birth rate
a rise in the death rate
an increase in the age of retirement
an increase in the state pension
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11 mark
What is meant by an optimum population for a country?
a population that balances its birth rate and its death rate
a population that maximises output per head
a population that results in fewest negative externalities
a population that uses all resources available
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21 mark
In a country the birth rate increased but the population decreased. What could have happened to other factors to cause this?
a fall in infant mortality but no change in the death rate
a rise in net immigration but no change in the death rate
no change in migration but the death rate rose
the death rate fell with no change in migration
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3
1 mark
1 markWhich combination below best describes immigration and emigration?
| Immigration | Emigration |
A | Movement of people into a country from another country | The number of people who die per 1000 people |
B | The number of people born per 1000 people | Movement of people out of a country into another country |
C | The size of the change in population of a country as a % | Movement of people within the EU |
D | Movement of people into a country from another country | Movement of people out of a country into another country |
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41 mark
1 markWhat economic impact can overpopulation have on a country?
Increased per capita income
Reduced demand for goods and services
Increased pressure on resources
Decreased unemployment rates
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51 mark
1 markWhat does a population pyramid with a narrow top and a broad base suggest?
A high birth rate and low life expectancy
A stable population
An ageing population
High immigration rates
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11 mark
A country has a declining population. It also has a changing population structure in which the size of the 15–64 age group is becoming smaller.
How could it immediately reduce labour supply shortages?
Allow immigration of skilled labour.
Encourage increases in family size.
Invest more in technological research.
Lower taxes and increase basic wage rates.
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21 mark
In Botswana, better healthcare has meant that birth rates have been falling faster than death rates. Also the number of children born, on average, to each woman has declined from 6.4 to 3.2. What may be concluded from this information?
Government spending on education will need to increase.
Medical improvements have resulted in falling infant mortality rates.
There will be a decline in income for each person working.
There will, in the long run, be an increase in the working population.
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31 mark
The table shows the birth rate and death rate for four countries for a given year. If there is no migration, which country has the greatest rate of increase in population?
| country | birth rate | death rate |
A B C D | Botswana Brunei Indonesia Mauritius | 30 27 24 21 | 7 3 8 7 |
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41 mark
1 markWhat does a population pyramid with a relatively even distribution across age groups suggest about a country?
High birth rates
Low birth rates
Low life expectancy
Rapid urbanisation
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51 mark
1 markWhat policy might a government implement to address falling birth rates?
Reduce access to contraceptives
Increase taxes on families with children
Provide financial incentives for childbirth
Implement strict immigration controls
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