Population (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Economics)

Exam Questions

2 hours42 questions
11 mark

What does a population pyramid of a country show?

  • its age and sex distribution

  • its employment pattern

  • its income distribution

  • its migration pattern

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21 mark

Which factor in the world’s low-income countries limits their economic development?

  • balance of payments surpluses

  • high saving ratios

  • large inflows of foreign investment

  • rapid population growth

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31 mark

What causes the birth rate to fall in a country?

  • Fewer women work.

  • Infant mortality rates rise.

  • Medical supplies and healthcare improve.

  • The optimum population increases.

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41 mark

Iran has recently experienced a natural increase in population.

What is the most likely cause of this increase?

  • Emigration exceeded immigration.

  • Immigration exceeded emigration.

  • The birth rate exceeded the death rate.

  • The death rate exceeded the birth rate.

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51 mark

What will lead to an ageing population if other factors remain unchanged?

  • a fall in the birth rate

  • a rise in the death rate

  • an increase in the age of retirement

  • an increase in the state pension

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11 mark

What is meant by an optimum population for a country?

  • a population that balances its birth rate and its death rate

  • a population that maximises output per head

  • a population that results in fewest negative externalities

  • a population that uses all resources available

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21 mark

In a country the birth rate increased but the population decreased. What could have happened to other factors to cause this?

  • a fall in infant mortality but no change in the death rate

  • a rise in net immigration but no change in the death rate

  • no change in migration but the death rate rose

  • the death rate fell with no change in migration

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3
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1 mark

Which combination below best describes immigration and emigration? 

 

Immigration

Emigration

A

Movement of people into a country from another country

The number of people who die per 1000 people

B

The number of people born per 1000 people

Movement of people out of a country into another country

C

The size of the change in population of a country as a %

Movement of people within the EU

D

Movement of people into a country from another country

Movement of people out of a country into another country

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    4
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    1 mark

    What economic impact can overpopulation have on a country?

    • Increased per capita income

    • Reduced demand for goods and services

    • Increased pressure on resources

    • Decreased unemployment rates

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    5
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    1 mark

    What does a population pyramid with a narrow top and a broad base suggest?

    • A high birth rate and low life expectancy

    • A stable population

    • An ageing population

    • High immigration rates

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    11 mark

    A country has a declining population. It also has a changing population structure in which the size of the 15–64 age group is becoming smaller.

    How could it immediately reduce labour supply shortages?

    • Allow immigration of skilled labour.

    • Encourage increases in family size.

    • Invest more in technological research.

    • Lower taxes and increase basic wage rates.

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    21 mark

    In Botswana, better healthcare has meant that birth rates have been falling faster than death rates. Also the number of children born, on average, to each woman has declined from 6.4 to 3.2. What may be concluded from this information?

    • Government spending on education will need to increase.

    • Medical improvements have resulted in falling infant mortality rates.

    • There will be a decline in income for each person working.

    • There will, in the long run, be an increase in the working population.

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    31 mark

    The table shows the birth rate and death rate for four countries for a given year. If there is no migration, which country has the greatest rate of increase in population?

     

    country

    birth rate

    death rate

    A

    B

    C

    D

    Botswana

    Brunei

    Indonesia

    Mauritius

    30

    27

    24

    21

    7

    3

    8

    7

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      4
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      1 mark

      What does a population pyramid with a relatively even distribution across age groups suggest about a country?

      • High birth rates

      • Low birth rates

      • Low life expectancy

      • Rapid urbanisation

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      5
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      1 mark

      What policy might a government implement to address falling birth rates?

      • Reduce access to contraceptives

      • Increase taxes on families with children

      • Provide financial incentives for childbirth

      • Implement strict immigration controls

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