Sources of Metals (Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (Modular))

Sources of metals

• The Earth’s crust contains metals and metal compounds such as gold, copper, iron oxide and aluminium oxide

• Useful metals are often chemically combined with other substances forming ores

• A metal ore is a rock that contains enough of the metal to make it worthwhile extracting

• They have to be extracted from their ores through processes such as electrolysis, using a blast furnace or by reacting with more reactive material

• In many cases the ore is an oxide of the metal, therefore the extraction of these metals is a reduction process since oxygen is being removed

• Common examples of oxide ores are iron and aluminium ores which are called haematite and bauxite respectively

• Unreactive metals do not have to be extracted chemically as they are often found as the uncombined element

• This occurs as they do not easily react with other substances due to their chemical stability

• Examples include gold and platinum which can both be mined directly from the Earth’s crust