IGCSEChemistry: Double ScienceEdexcelRevision Notes4. Organic ChemistryAlkanesAlkanes

Alkanes (Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry: Double Science)

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Edexcel Chemistry: Double ScienceEdexcel Chemistry (Modular): Unit 1

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Alkanes

What are alkanes?

  • Alkanes are a group of saturated hydrocarbons
  • The term saturated means that they only have single carbon-carbon bonds, there are no double bonds
  • The general formula of the alkanes is CnH2n+2
  • Alkanes are generally unreactive compounds but they do undergo combustion reactions, can be cracked into smaller molecules and can react with halogens in the presence of light
  • Methane is an alkane and is the major component of natural gas

Table of alkanes

Displayed formula Name Molecular formula
methane methane CH4 
ethane ethane C2H6 
propane propane C3H8 
butane butane C4H10 
pentane pentane C5H12 

The first five members of the alkane homologous series

Examiner Tip

For your exam, you need to be able to name, draw and give the appropriate formula for the first five alkanes.

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    Stewart

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    Stewart has been an enthusiastic GCSE, IGCSE, A Level and IB teacher for more than 30 years in the UK as well as overseas, and has also been an examiner for IB and A Level. As a long-standing Head of Science, Stewart brings a wealth of experience to creating Exam Questions and revision materials for Save My Exams. Stewart specialises in Chemistry, but has also taught Physics and Environmental Systems and Societies.