Why do addition polymers not biodegrade easily?
☐ | A | They are inert | |
☐ | B | They contain ionic bonding | |
☐ | C | They are unsaturated molecules | |
☐ | D | They have high density |
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Why do addition polymers not biodegrade easily?
☐ | A | They are inert | |
☐ | B | They contain ionic bonding | |
☐ | C | They are unsaturated molecules | |
☐ | D | They have high density |
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Which of the following statements about polymers is NOT correct?
☐ | A | Polymers can be recycled but it is a difficult and expensive process | |
☐ | B | Addition polymers are unsaturated as they are made by combining molecules which contain a carbon double bond | |
☐ | C | Poly(ethene) is formed by the addition polymerisation of ethene monomers | |
☐ | D | Incinerating polymers contributes to climate change |
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The structure of a polymer is shown below.
What is the correct monomer?
☐ | A | ||
☐ | B | ||
☐ | C | ||
☐ | D |
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Which statement is the correct description of a polymer?
☐ | A | The atoms within a monomer | |
☐ | B | A large saturated hydrocarbon | |
☐ | C | A large molecule made from many small molecules | |
☐ | D | A large unsaturated molecule |
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Why is this molecule described as unsaturated?
Ethene can undergo a polymerisation reaction.
Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
|
During polymerisation, ____________________ ethene molecules join together to form the large molecule, __________________.
These large molecules are called ___________________
Poly(ethene) is an addition polymer. Polyesters are a different type of polymer that form from two monomers and produce water.
Tick (✓) one box to show what type of polymer polyesters form.
Condensation | |
Addition | |
Substitution |
Biopolyesters are a specific type of polyester that are synthesised from sugar and plant oils.
Give an advantage of using biopolyesters instead of synthetic polyesters.
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The following molecule can undergo addition polymerisation.
What is the correct repeat unit?
☐ | A | ||
☐ | B | ||
☐ | C | ||
☐ | D |
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Poly(chloroethene) is a polymer.
It is made from its monomer, chloroethene.
Chloroethene has the percentage composition by mass
C = 38.4% H = 4.8% Cl = 56.8%
Show, by calculation, that the empirical formula of chloroethene is C2H3Cl
The molecular formula of chloroethene is also C2H3Cl
Chloroethene can be prepared by a two‐stage process.
In stage 1, ethene reacts with chlorine in the presence of an iron(III) chloride catalyst to form dichloroethane.
The reaction is exothermic.
C2H4 + Cl2 → C2H4Cl2
(1)
(1)
(1)
☐ | A | addition | |
☐ | B | displacement | |
☐ | C | neutralisation | |
☐ | D | substitution |
(1)
(1)
chloroethene | repeat unit of poly(chloroethene) |
(3)
(2)
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This question is about alkenes and polymers.
Ethene (C2H4) can be represented by different types of formula.
(2)
Molecular formula | C2H4 |
Empirical formula | |
General formula |
(2)
1. ............................................................................
2. ............................................................................
Ethene is used to make poly(ethene).
(1)
(2)
Polymers | Polymers from corn starch | |
Cost per tonne | £1500 | £3700 |
Relative strength | 100 | 50 |
Time to decompose | estimated 450 years | 3-6 months |
Use the information in the table and your knowledge to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using poly(ethene) to make plastic bags.
(5)
The diagram shows the repeat unit of another polymer.
Draw the displayed formula of the monomer used to make this polymer.
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Polyesters can be made by condensation polymerisation. Ethanediol can react with butanedioic acid (a carboxylic acid containing two -COOH groups) to make a polymer.
Which of the following is a correct repeat unit for this polymer?
☐ | A | ||
☐ | B | ||
☐ | C | ||
☐ | D |
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Poly(propene) is an example of a polymer.
The structure of a poly(propene) molecule is shown in below.
This polymer is made from a monomer.
Draw the structure of the monomer molecule showing all covalent bonds.
A layer of poly(chloroethene) (PVC) is used to surround the copper in electrical cables.
Suggest why poly(chloroethene) is a suitable material for this purpose.
Some polymers are polyesters.
What type of reaction takes place when polyesters are formed?
☐ | A | addition | |
☐ | B | condensation | |
☐ | C | neutralisation | |
☐ | D | precipitation |
The repeating unit in a polyester molecule is shown below.
(2)
(1)
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a a a a a a |
(2)
An acrylic polymer can be formed from molecules with this structure.
Octane is a compound in petrol.
The equation for the complete combustion of octane is
C8H18 + 12.5O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O
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Polymers can be classified as addition polymers or condensation polymers.
An addition polymer can be formed from the monomer CH2=CHCl
The diagram shows the repeat unit of a different addition polymer.
Draw the displayed formula of the monomer used to make this polymer.
Polyesters are condensation polymers.
The structures of two monomers that are used to make a polyester are:
Identify the small molecule formed when these two monomers form the polyester.
(1)
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Ethene can be used as a starting point in the manufacture of poly(chloroethene).
Stage 1 involves the formation of 1,2-dichloroethane and can happen by two different methods.
Use chemical equations to compare the two methods.
Stage 2 in the manufacture of poly(chloroethene) from ethene involves the thermal decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane. Stage 3 involves the polymerisation of the stage 2 product to form poly(chloroethene).
Stage 3 involves the formation of poly(chloroethene).
State the type of polymerisation that occurs in stage 3.
Two ways of disposing of polymers such as poly(chloroethene) are:
Discuss the environmental problems caused by these two methods of disposal.
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Polymerisation is the reaction of monomer molecules to form polymer chains.
The diagram shows the formation of a polyester.
Explain why this is classed as a condensation reaction.
Condensation polymers are commonly formed by the esterification reaction of a diol monomer and a dicarboxylic acid monomer.
The repeat unit of a polyester is
Give the displayed formula of each of the two monomers needed to form this polyester.
The structures of two organic compounds that react together to form a polymer are shown.
Give the repeat unit of the polymer formed.
State one advantage of biopolyesters.
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The homologous series of alkenes can be converted into polymers.
The diagram shows a range of organic compounds with the general formula C4H8.
Identify the compounds that cannot form polymers. Explain your answer.
Compound D can be polymerised to form the polymer poly(2-methylpropene).
Complete the equation for this polymerisation reaction.
The diagram shows the repeat unit of the polymer formed by compound E.
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