Which of these formulae is that of an alkane?
☐ | A | C6H11 | |
☐ | B | C8H16 | |
☐ | C | C10H22 | |
☐ | D | C12H28 |
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Which of these formulae is that of an alkane?
☐ | A | C6H11 | |
☐ | B | C8H16 | |
☐ | C | C10H22 | |
☐ | D | C12H28 |
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The table shows the displayed formulae of some organic compounds.
Which two are not classed as alkanes?
☐ | A | R and S | |
☐ | B | S and T | |
☐ | C | P and Q | |
☐ | D | R and T |
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What is the correct chemical formula of butane?
☐ | A | C3H6 | |
☐ | B | C3H8 | |
☐ | C | C4H8 | |
☐ | D | C4H10 |
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The structure of a molecule of propane is shown as
Give the names of the elements combined together in propane.
Propane can burn completely in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
(2)
(1)
☐ | A | sulfur dioxide | |
☐ | B | oxygen | |
☐ | C | hydrogen | |
☐ | D | carbon monoxide |
Which of the following is the formula of an alkane?
☐ | A | C6H5OH | |
☐ | B | CH3CH2CH2CH3 | |
☐ | C | H2C=CHCH2CH3 | |
☐ | D | C6H12 |
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This question is about alkanes.
Draw one line from the name of the alkane to the correct displayed formula.
What is the general formula of alkanes?
Tick (✓) one box.
CnH2n | |
CnH2n+1 | |
CnH2n+2 |
What type of bond is formed between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in an alkane?
Ethane can react with chlorine in a substitution reaction where one of the hydrogen atoms in ethane is replaced by a chlorine atom.
ethane + ......................... → ........................................... + hydrogen chloride
(2)
(1)
☐ | A | a catalyst | |
☐ | B | 30 °C and no oxygen | |
☐ | C | ultraviolet radiaton | |
☐ | D | none - it will occur at room temperature and pressure |
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The table shows the molecular formulae of six organic compounds, A, B, C, D, E and F.
A | B | C | D | E | F |
C2H4 | C2H6 | C3H6 | C3H8 | C4H8 | C4H10 |
Describe how compound D can be obtained from crude oil using the industrial process of fractional distillation.
Compound C can be used to make a polymer.
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This question is about alkanes and alkenes.
molecular formula | C2H6 |
name | |
empirical formula | |
displayed formula |
An alkene with molecular formula C4H8 reacts with bromine to form a compound with molecular formula C4H8Br2
☐ | A | addition | |
☐ | B | decomposition | |
☐ | C | precipitation | |
☐ | D | substitution |
|
|
The alkene C3H6 can be polymerised to form the polymer poly(propene).
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Ethane and bromine can react in the following reaction:
What name is given to this type of reaction?
☐ | A | Substitution | |
☐ | B | Addition | |
☐ | C | Dehydration | |
☐ | D | Thermal decomposition |
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Methane and bromine react to form bromomethane and hydrogen bromide.
What does this reaction occur in the presence of?
☐ | A | Infrared radiation | |
☐ | B | Visible light | |
☐ | C | Untraviolet radiation | |
☐ | D | Ozone |
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Alkanes are hydrocarbons.
The structure of a molecule of butane is shown.
Which of the following is the empirical formula for butane?
☐ | A | CH | |
☐ | B | CH2 | |
☐ | C | C2H5 | |
☐ | D | C4H10 |
The graph below shows the boiling points of some alkanes plotted against the number of carbon atoms in one molecule of each alkane.
A molecule of pentane contains five carbon atoms.
Use the graph to estimate the boiling point of pentane.
boiling point of pentane = .............................................................. °C
When pentane reacts with bromine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation, bromopentane is produced.
(1)
(1)
Draw the displayed formula of the three isomers of bromopentane.
isomer 1 | isomer 2 | isomer 3 |
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There are three isomers with the molecular formula C5H12
One of these isomers is pentane.
The displayed formula for pentane is
Pentane reacts with bromine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation.
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The alkanes are generally unreactive. Their reactions include combustion and substitution.
The complete combustion of an alkane gives carbon dioxide and water.
Many organic compounds which contain a halogen have chloro, bromo or iodo in their name.
The following diagram shows the structure of 1-chloropropane.
(1)
(2)
Organic halides react with water to form an alcohol and a halide ion.
CH3–CH2–I + H2O → CH3–CH2–OH + I–
(2)
(1)
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An alkane containing six carbon atoms can exist as a number of different structures. Two of these structures are shown below.
Compare the structures of hexane and cyclohexane.
A sample of one of these structures was found to contain 83.72% carbon.
(3)
(1)
(1)
(1)
In the presence of ultraviolet radiation, hexane will react with chlorine to form hydrogen chloride and another compound, X. Compound X will undergo a further substitution reaction when heated with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium chloride and a compound with the formula CH3(CH2)5OH.
Cyclohexane will also react with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet to form hydrogen chloride and compound Y. When heated with sodium hydroxide solution, compound Y will undergo a further substitution reaction to form sodium chloride and another product, Z.
Give the names of compounds X, Y and Z.
Compound X | ....................................................................................... |
Compound Y | ....................................................................................... |
Compound Z | ....................................................................................... |
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Three consecutive straight-chain members of the same homologous series are pentane, hexane and heptane.
Pentane is the compound containing the least number of carbon atoms.
Suggest the molecular formula of heptane.
Draw one line from each alkane to its boiling point.
Alkynes are hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n-2. The alkyne containing 2 carbon atoms is ethyne, C2H2.
State, with a reason, whether the boiling point of ethyne would be expected to be higher or lower than the boiling point of ethane, C2H6.
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This question is about the reactions of the gas ethane, C2H6.
Write the equation which represents the complete combustion of 1 mole of ethane.
Ethane will react with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet radiation to form chloroethane and hydrogen chloride.
C2H6 (g) + Cl2 (g) → C2H5Cl (g) + HCl (g)
The enthalpy change of this reaction is -122 kJ/mol.
Use the bond energy data in the table below to calculate the bond energy of the C-Cl bond.
Bond | Bond energy (kJ/mol) |
C – H | 413 |
C – C | 347 |
H – Cl | 432 |
Cl – Cl | 243 |
bond energy ........................................................ kJ / mol
Use your answer from part c) to suggest which compound, ethane or chloroethane, is the more reactive.
Explain your answer.
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