The displayed formulae of an organic compound is shown below.
What is the empirical formula of this compound?
☐ | A | CHBr | |
☐ | B | CH2Br | |
☐ | C | C2H4Br2 | |
☐ | D | CH4Br |
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The displayed formulae of an organic compound is shown below.
What is the empirical formula of this compound?
☐ | A | CHBr | |
☐ | B | CH2Br | |
☐ | C | C2H4Br2 | |
☐ | D | CH4Br |
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The structures of four organic compounds are shown.
Which one does not show the displayed formula of the compound?
☐ | A | ||
☐ | B | ||
☐ | C | ||
☐ | D |
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Which of the following is not a feature of a homologous series?
☐ | A | Compounds have the same functional group | |
☐ | B | Compounds have the same physical properties | |
☐ | C | Compounds have the same general formula | |
☐ | D | Compounds have similar chemical properties |
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This question is about alkanes and alkenes.
Complete the boxes by giving the missing information about the alkene with the molecular formula C2H4.
Molecular formula | C2H4 |
Name | |
Empirical formula | |
General formula | |
Displayed formula |
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
State what is meant by the terms unsaturated and hydrocarbon.
Butene, C4H8, is a member of the same homologous series as C2H4.
Use the words in the box to complete the sentences.
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Butene, C4H8, and C2H4 have the same .................... formula and .................... group.
They will show similar .................... properties but there will be differences in their .................... properties, such as density and boiling point.
When the alkene butene reacts with bromine, the product is dibromobutane, C4H8Br2.
(1)
(1)
☐ | A | addition | |
☐ | B | decomposition | |
☐ | C | neutralisation | |
☐ | D | substitution |
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The structures of six organic compounds are shown.
Give the name of F.
Identify two compounds that are members of the same homologous series.
Compounds E and F are isomers of each other.
State what is meant by the term isomers.
Explain why B is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
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Ethene (C2H4) can be converted into chloroethene (C2H3Cl) in a two-stage process.
The first stage is to convert ethene into 1,2-dichloroethane, C2H4Cl2
Ethene is reacted with hydrogen chloride and oxygen.
Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.
In the second stage, 1,2-dichloroethane is converted into chloroethene.
C2H4Cl2 → C2H3Cl + HCl
This is a thermal decomposition reaction.
State what is meant by the term thermal decomposition.
The diagram shows the displayed formula of chloroethene.
Name the polymer formed from chloroethene.
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The structures of six organic compounds are shown.
Which two compounds are isomers of one another?
☐ | A | B and D | |
☐ | B | A and C | |
☐ | C | C and F | |
☐ | D | C and E |
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Which of the following reactions is an example of an addition reaction?
☐ | A | CH4 + ½O2 → CO + 2H2O | |
☐ | B | C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2 | |
☐ | C | CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O | |
☐ | D | CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr |
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This question is about organic compounds.
Propane is the third member of the homologous series of alkanes.
(1)
Propene is bubbled through bromine water until there is no further colour change.
In industry, ethene is reacted with steam to form ethanol.
Ethanol oxidises slowly in air to form a chemical that is a member of a different homologous series and has a bitter smell.
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The alcohols form a homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+1OH.
The first five members of the homologous series are given in the table below.
alcohol | formula |
methanol | CH3OH |
ethanol | CH3–CH2–OH |
propan-1-ol | |
butan-1-ol | CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH |
pentan-1-ol | CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH |
State three characteristics of a homologous series other than the variation of physical properties down the series.
There are four isomers with the molecular formula C4H9OH that are alcohols.
These are the displayed formulae of the isomers.
An alcohol has this percentage composition by mass.
(3)
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The formulas for four organic compounds are given in the table below.
Write the names of each of the compounds.
Structure | Name |
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH | |
CH3CH2CH2NH2 | |
CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 | |
CH3CH2CH2OH |
CH3CH2CH2OH undergoes a combustion reaction in excess oxygen. Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
Compound A has an Mr of 102 and contains the same functional group as CH3CH2CH2OH. Calculate the percentage by mass of carbon in compound A.
(Ar: O = 16, C = 12, H = 1)
Draw the displayed formula of CH3CH2CH2NH2
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Compound X is a hydrocarbon with an Mr of 70 that contains 85.7% by mass of carbon. When bromine water is added to compound X it remains orange.
Calculate the empirical formula of compound X
Compound X reacts with chlorine in the presence of ultra-violet light. Write the equation for this reaction.
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Alkanes and alkenes are examples of hydrocarbons.
(1)
A compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
X contains 54.54% of carbon by mass, 9.09% of hydrogen by mass and 36.37% of oxygen by mass.
An ester has the molecular formula C3H6O2.
Name and give the structural formulae of two esters with the molecular formula C3H6O2.
Name of ester | ||
Structural formula |
Name the ester produced from the reaction of propanoic acid and methanol.
A polyester is represented by the structure shown.
(1)
(1)
(2)
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There is a number of compounds with the molecular formula C4H8.
Explain how more than one compound can have the same molecular formula.
Draw the displayed formulae of two isomers with the formula C4H8 that belong to different homologous series.
isomer 1
|
isomer 2
|
Some organic compounds with the molecular formula C4H8 can be hydrated to form alcohols.
(1)
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The diagram shows the formulae of some organic compounds.
An example of the reaction of compound B with a halogen is shown.
Compound D undergoes combustion to form a toxic colourless gas, a brown gas and one other product.
Compound H belongs to the same homologous series as compound A.
The complete combustion of one mole of compound H burns is represented by the equation
compound H + x O2 → y CO2 + z H2O
The numbers x, y and z are used to balance the equation.
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