Alloys (Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry)

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Alloys

Alloys

  • An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or metal with a non-metal such as carbon
    • Steel is made from iron and carbon
  • Alloys often have properties that can be very different from the metals they contain
    • They can be stronger and harder
    • They are resistant to corrosion or extreme temperatures
  • These enhanced properties can make alloys more useful than pure metals

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

  • Alloys are harder than pure metals because: 
    • Alloys contain atoms of different sizes
    • This distorts the regular arrangements of atoms
    • So it is more difficult for the layers of atoms to slide over each other
  • Brass is a common example of an alloy which contains 70% copper and 30% zinc

Alloy structure

Diagram to show the structure of an alloy

The regular arrangement of a metal lattice structure is distorted in alloys

Examiner Tip

Questions on this topic often give you a selection of particle diagrams and ask you to choose the one which represents an alloy. It will be the diagram with uneven sized particles and distorted layers or rows of particles.

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Stewart

Author: Stewart

Expertise: Chemistry Lead

Stewart has been an enthusiastic GCSE, IGCSE, A Level and IB teacher for more than 30 years in the UK as well as overseas, and has also been an examiner for IB and A Level. As a long-standing Head of Science, Stewart brings a wealth of experience to creating Exam Questions and revision materials for Save My Exams. Stewart specialises in Chemistry, but has also taught Physics and Environmental Systems and Societies.