Introduction (Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry)
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- FrontOrganic Compounds
Define the term hydrocarbon.
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Define the term hydrocarbon.
A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
True or False?
The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
True.
The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule
Define the term homologous series.
A homologous series is a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to having the same functional group.
Define the term general formula.
The general formula shows a ratio of atoms in a family of compounds in terms of 'n' where n is a varying whole number.
True or False?
A functional group is a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series.
True.
A functional group is a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series
Define the term displayed formula.
The displayed formula shows the spatial arrangement of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule.
True or False?
CH3CH2CH2OH is an example of a structural formula.
True:
CH3CH2CH2OH is an example of a structural formula as it gives enough information to make the structure clearly.
Give two characteristics of a homologous series.
All members of a homologous series have:
The same general formula
Same functional group
Similar chemical properties
A clear trend in their physical properties
The difference in the molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
The functional group of an alcohol is R-OH
True of False?
The alkene functional group is represented by C-C.
False.
The alkene functional group is represented by C=C.
Define the term isomer?
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different displayed formulae.
True or False?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 is an isomer of CH3(CH2)3CH3
False.
CH3(CH2)3CH3 is the condensed structural formula of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.
True or False?
CH3CH(OH)CH3 is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2OH.
True.
CH3CH(OH)CH3 is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2OH as the OH group has moved from the middle carbon atom to the end carbon atom.
The molecular formula is the same.
What does the prefix tell you in the name of a molecule?
The prefix tells you the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the compound.
How many carbon atoms are in a carbon chain if the prefix is prop-.
There are three carbon atoms in the carbon chain if the prefix is prop-.
What does the suffix tell you in the name of a molecule?
The suffix tells you what functional group is on the compound
What is the name of this compound?
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
The name of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH is butan(-1-)ol.
What is the name of this compound?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
The name of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 is pentane.
What is the name of this compound?
CH3CH2COOH
The name of CH3CH2COOH is propanoic acid.
Give the formula of methylamine.
The formula of methylamine is CH3NH2.
What is the name of the this compound?
CH3(CH2)3HC=CH2
The name of CH3(CH2)3HC=CH2 is hex(-1-)ene.
True or False?
The name of CH3COOCH2CH3 is ethyl methanoate.
False.
The name of CH3COOCH2CH3 is ethyl ethanoate.
There two carbon atoms highlighted (in bold) come from the carboxylic acid used to form the ester.
True or False?
An amine functional group is represented by -NH3.
False.
The amine group is represented by -NH2.
The N atom is bonded to a carbon atom in the chain so only bonds to two hydrogen atoms.
What is a substitution reaction?
A substitution reaction is where one functional group is replaced by another.
What is an addition reaction?
An addition reaction is where two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products.
What is a combustion reaction?
A combustion reaction is where an organic substance reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (or carbon monoxide if incomplete combustion) and water.
What is the symbol equation for the addition reaction of ethene with bromine?
The symbol equation for the addition reaction of ethene with bromine is:
C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2
What is the symbol equation for the substitution reaction of methane with bromine?
The symbol equation for the substitution reaction of methane with bromine is:
CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr
True or False?
In a combustion reaction with an unlimited oxygen supply, the products are carbon dioxide and water.
True.
If there is an unlimited supply of air/oxygen, the products of a combustion reaction are carbon dioxide and water (complete combustion).
What is the symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of methane forming carbon monoxide and water?
The symbol equation for the incomplete combustion of methane is:
CH4 +
O2 → CO + 2H2ODefine the term complete combustion.
Complete combustion is a combustion reaction where there is an unlimited supply of air/oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as products.
Define the term incomplete combustion.
Incomplete combustion is a combustion reaction where there is a limited supply of air/oxygen, producing carbon monoxide, carbon / soot and water as products.
True or False?
In an addition reaction, smaller molecules combine to form one larger molecule along with other products.
False.
An addition reaction takes place when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products.