What is an ion?
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What is an ion?
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.
True or False?
Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
True.
Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
Are anions positive or negative ions?
Anions are negative ions.
How are anions formed?
Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons.
True or False?
Cations are formed by ions losing electrons.
False.
Cations are formed by atoms losing electrons.
Do metals lose or gain electrons to other atoms?
Metals lose electrons to other atoms.
Why do non-metals gain electrons?
Non-metals gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.
What type of ion do metals usually form?
Metals usually form cations / positive ions.
Give two reasons why are cations positively charged.
Cations are positively charged because:
They lose electrons
They have more protons than electrons
How many electrons does a sulfur atom gain to become a sulfide ion, S2-?
A sulfur atom gains 2 electrons to become a sulfide ion, S2-.
What is the charge of a Group 2 ion?
The charge of a Group 2 ion is 2+.
True or False?
Group 1 elements form 1+ ions.
True.
Group 1 elements form positive 1+ ions.
What is the formula of a lithium ion?
The formula of a lithium ion is Li+.
True or False?
Aluminium and other Group 3 elements form positive 2+ ions.
False.
Aluminium and other Group 3 elements form positive 3+ ions.
What is the formula of the sulfate ion?
The formula of the sulfate ion is SO42-.
What is the charge of the oxide ion?
The charge of the oxide ion is 2-.
What is the charge of a Group 7 ion?
The charge of a Group 7 ion is 1-.
True or False?
Group 7 elements form 1+ ions.
False.
Group 7 elements form 1- ions.
Which group of the Periodic Table forms 3- ions?
Group 5 of the Periodic Table forms 3- ions.
What is the formula of the carbonate ion?
The formula of the carbonate ion is CO32-.
Nitric acid is made from the hydrogen and nitrate ions.
What are the formulas of the hydrogen and nitrate ions?
The formulas of the hydrogen and nitrate ions are:
Hydrogen = H+
Nitrate = NO3-
True or False?
Copper, iron and zinc can form 2+ ions.
True.
Copper, iron and zinc can form 2+ ions.
True or False?
The formula of the ammonia ion is NH4+.
False.
The formula of the ammonium ion is NH4+.
True or False?
The formula for aluminium sulfate is AlSO4.
False.
The formula for aluminum sulfate is Al2(SO4)3.
What are the ions in calcium chloride, CaCl2?
The ions in calcium chloride are Ca2+ and Cl-.
Write the formula for the compound formed from Fe3+ and O2-.
The formula for the compound formed from Fe3+ and O2- is Fe2O3.
True or False?
The formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4.
True.
The formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4.
How do you balance charges for ionic compounds?
To balance charges for ionic compounds, multiply the ions by numbers such that the sum of charges is 0.
What is the name of Na2CO3?
The name of Na2CO3 is sodium carbonate.
True or False?
Ionic compound formulae are calculated by balancing the charges of the ions.
True.
Ionic compound formulae are calculated by balancing the charges of the ions.
Give the formulas of the compounds formed from the following pairs of ions.
Ag+ and NO3-
H+ and CO32-
Zn2+ and N3-
The formulas of the compounds formed from the following pairs of ions are:
Ag+ and NO3- = AgNO3
H+ and CO32- = H2CO3
Zn2+ and N3- = Zn3N2
What does the formula of an ionic compound show?
The formula of an ionic compound shows the ratio of the ions present in the compound, balanced by their charges.
True or False?
Ammonium nitrate is made from NH4+ and NO3-.
False.
Ammonium nitrate is made from NH4+ and NO3-.
Take care with numbers of atoms and charges.
What does a dot and cross diagram show?
A dot and cross diagram shows the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions in an ionic bond.
True or False?
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
True.
Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.
In the formation of sodium chloride, which atom loses an electron?
In the formation of sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses an electron.
In the formation of magnesium oxide, how many electrons does the magnesium atom lose?
In the formation of magnesium oxide, the magnesium atom loses two electrons.
True or False?
In dot and cross diagrams, you only need to show the outer electrons.
True.
In dot and cross diagrams for exam purposes, you only need to show the outer electrons.
In the formation of an ionic compound, which atoms gain electrons?
In the formation of an ionic compound, non-metal atoms gain electrons.
What is formed when an atom loses electrons?
When an atom loses electrons, it formed a positively charged ion / cation.
True or False?
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a positively charged anion.
False.
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged anion.
What happens to a Group 7 atom when it reacts with a Group 1 atom?
When a Group 7 atom reacts with a Group 1 atom, the Group 7 atom: Gains one electron. Becomes negatively charged / becomes a 1- ion.
What type of forces hold ionic compounds together?
Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
True or False?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
True.
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces holding the ions together.
What is the structure of ionic compounds called?
The structure of ionic compounds is called a giant ionic lattice.
Are ionic compounds usually solid or liquid at room temperature?
Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature.
What are electrostatic forces?
Electrostatic forces are the attractive (or repulsive) forces between charged particles.
Why are ionic compounds soluble in water?
Ionic compounds are soluble in water because they are polar.
In an ionic lattice, what direction do the electrostatic forces act in?
In an ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act in all directions.
True or False?
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when solid.
False.
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or aqueous.
In an ionic solution, what moves to all electrical current to flow?
In an ionic solution, the movement of ions allows electrical current to flow.
Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice.
A giant ionic lattice is a series of positively charged and negatively charged ions arranged in an alternating pattern.