Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry)

The table gives the composition of three particles.

What is the evidence in the table for each of the following? 

i) Particle A is an atom.

 [1]

 ii) A, B and C are all particles of the same element.

 [1]

iii) Particles A and C are isotopes of the same element.

[2]

i) What is the electronic structure of particle A?

[1]

 ii) Is element A, a metal or a non-metal? Give a reason for your choice.

[1]

Protons, neutrons and electrons are subatomic particles.

Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, a neutron and an electron.

[3]

Extended Only

Bromine has two isotopes. 

i) Define the term isotope.

[2] 

ii) Explain why the two isotopes of bromine have the same chemical properties.

[2]

The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and ions.

Complete the table.

i) Define the term atomic number.

[1]

 ii) Define the term nucleon number.

[2]

The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms or ions.

Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.

The table below gives information about particles.

Complete the table. The first line has been done for you.

Gallium is a Group III element.

Define the term element.

The following are gallium atoms.

Complete the following table.

The table below gives the composition of six particles which are either atoms or ions.

Which particles are atoms? Explain your choice.

Which particle is a negative ion and why has this particle got a negative charge?

Which particles are positive ions?

Explain why particle A and particle D are isotopes.

Figure 1.1 shows the electronic configurations of five atoms, A, B, C, D and E.

Figure 1.1

Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Give the letter of the atom, A, B, C, D or E, that is in Group III of the Periodic Table.

Give the letter of the atom, A, B, C, D or E, that  has 13 protons.

Give the letter of the atom, A, B, C, D or E, that  is a noble gas. 

Give the letter of the atom, A, B, C, D or E, that forms a stable ion with a single negative charge.

Sulfuric acid is a compound.

Define the term compound.

Complete Table 2.1  to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the sulfur atom and oxide ion.

Table 2.1 

Complete Figure 2.2 to show the electronic configuration of a potassium ion.

Figure 2.2

This question is about elements X, Y and Z.

An atom of element X is represented as 

Name the different types of particles found in the nucleus of this atom of X.

What is the term for the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom?

What is the total number of particles in the nucleus of an atom of ?

What is the electronic structure of the ion X^2–?

What term is used to describe atoms of the same element with different numbers of particles in the nucleus?

Separate: Chemistry and Extended Only

Part of the definition of relative atomic mass is ‘the average mass of naturally occurring atoms of an element’. Some relative atomic masses are not whole numbers. Element Y has only two different types of atom, ⁶⁹Y and ⁷¹Y The ratio of atoms present in element Y is shown.

⁶⁹Y : ⁷¹Y = 3 : 2

• Calculate the relative atomic mass of element Y to one decimal place.

relative atomic mass: ..........

• Identify element Y.   

• element Y: ..........

Element Z is in Period 3 and Group V.

Explain in terms of electron transfer why Z behaves chemically as a non-metal.

Extended Only

Chlorine is in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Two isotopes of chlorine are chlorine‑35 and chlorine‑37

State why these two isotopes of chlorine have the same chemical properties.

Chlorine is in Group VII of the Periodic Table. Two isotopes of chlorine are chlorine‑35 and chlorine‑37.

Complete the table to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in each atom and ion.

, and  are isotopes of sodium.

Describe how these sodium isotopes are the same and how they are different in terms of the total number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each.

same:

different:

, and   are isotopes of sodium.

Why do all three isotopes have an overall charge of zero?

The diagram shows part of the structures of five substances, A, B, C, D and E.

Answer the following questions about these structures. Each structure may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which two of these structures, A, B, C, D or E, are compounds?

Substance E is present in air. Air is a mixture of different gases. Describe two characteristics of a mixture.

Complete the table to show the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in the sulfur atom and zinc ion shown.

This question is about the structures of atoms and ions.

Define the term proton number.

Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in atoms of and .

What term is used to describe atoms of the same element, such as and ?

Extended Only

Explain why the chemical properties of  and  are the same.

Complete the table to identify the atoms and ions which have the following numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons.

State the electronic structure of the following atom and ion.

Al:

S^2–:

The symbols of six particles are shown below.

Select from the list of particles to answer the following questions. A particle may be selected once, more than once or not at all.

i) Which two ions have the same electronic structure?

[1]

ii) Which ion has the same electronic structure as an atom of argon?

[1]

iii) Which atom can form an ion of the type X^3–? 

[1]

iv) Which atom can form a hydride which has a formula of the type XH₄?

[1]

i) How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in one copper(II) ion 

[2]

ii) represents an atom of scandium. How many nucleons and how many charged particles are there in one atom of scandium?

[2]

Two different atoms of sodium are and .

i) Explain why these two atoms are isotopes.

 [2]

ii)  is radioactive. It changes into an atom of a different element which has one more proton. Identify this element.

 [1]

The table gives the composition of three particles.

What is the evidence in the table for each of the following?

i) Particle A is an atom.

[1]

ii) They are all particles of the same element.

[1]

iii) Particle B is a negative ion.

[2]

iv) Particles A and C are isotopes.

[2]

i) What is the electronic structure of particle A?

[1]

ii) What is the valency of the element?

[1]

iii) Is the element a metal or a non-metal? Give a reason for your choice.

[1]

Complete the table which gives the names, symbols, relative masses and relative charges of the three subatomic particles.

Use the information in the table to explain the following.

i) Atoms contain charged particles but they are electrically neutral because they have no overall charge.

[2]

ii) Atoms can form positive ions.

[2]

iii) Atoms of the same element can have different masses.

[2]

iv) Scientists are certain that there are no undiscovered elements missing from the Periodic Table from hydrogen to lawrencium.

[1]

The table below gives the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms or ions.

Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.

Which atom in the table is an isotope of the atom which has the composition 11p, 11e and 14n?

Give a reason for your choice.

This question is concerned with the elements in Period 5, Rb to Xe.

The electron distributions of some of these elements are given in the following list.

• element A    2 + 8 + 18 + 10

• element B    2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 8

• element C    2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 5

• element D    2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 6

• element E    2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 4

• element F    2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 7

i) Identify element C.

[1]

ii) Which element in the list does not form any compounds?

[1]

iii) Which element in the list forms a chloride of the type XCl₂?

 [1]

iv) Which two elements would react together to form a compound of the type XY₄?

[1]

v) Which element in the list would react with cold water to form an alkaline solution and hydrogen?

[1]

Predict two differences in physical properties and two differences in chemical properties between rubidium and the transition metal niobium.

physical .............................................................................................

chemical ............................................................................................