A student investigated the solubility of salt A in water at various temperatures. Five experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 The student was provided with a boiling tube containing 12 g of salt A.
A burette was filled with distilled water and 10.0 cm3 of water was added to the boiling tube.
The mixture of salt A and water was heated until all of the solid had dissolved.
The boiling tube was removed from the heat and the solution was stirred with a thermometer and allowed to cool.
The temperature at which crystals first appeared was measured.
Use the thermometer diagram to record the temperature in the table of results.
The boiling tube and contents were kept for the next four experiments.
Experiment 2
From the burette, 1.0 cm3 more of water was added into the boiling tube and contents from Experiment 1.
The experiment was repeated exactly as before to find the temperature at which crystals first appeared.
The boiling tube was dipped for short periods of time in a beaker of cold water to speed up the cooling.
Record, in the table of results, the total volume of water in the boiling tube.
Use the thermometer diagram to record the temperature at which crystals first appeared.
Experiment 3
From the burette 1.0 cm3 more of water was added into the boiling tube and contents from Experiment 2.
The experiment was repeated exactly as before.
Record, in the table of results, the total volume of water used.
Use the thermometer diagram to record the temperature at which crystals first appeared.
This procedure was continued for Experiments 4 and 5 with two more successive additions of 1.0 cm3 of water. Note all the results in the table.
Table 1 (Table of results)
Experiment | total volume of water cm3 | temperature at which crystals first appeared / °C |
1 | 10 | |
2 | ||
3 | ||
4 | ||
5 |
Plot the results on the grid below and draw a straight line graph.
How did the student know when salt A was completely dissolved in the water?
From your graph, find the temperature at which crystals of salt A would first appear if the total volume of water in the solution was 9.0 cm3.
Show clearly on the grid how you worked out your answer.
Suggest, with a reason, how the results would be different if 6 g of salt A were used instead of 12 g of salt A.
Salt B is more soluble in water than salt A.
Sketch on the grid the graph you would expect for salt B. Label this graph.
Explain one improvement you could make to the experimental procedure to obtain more accurate results in this investigation.
improvement ..........................................................................................................
explanation ..........................................................................................................
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