Define the reactivity series.
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Define the reactivity series.
The reactivity series orders metals from most reactive to least reactive.
State the method of extraction for metals above carbon in the reactivity series.
Metals above carbon in the reactivity series are extracted by electrolysis.
True or False?
The most reactive metals are at the bottom of the reactivity series.
False.
The most reactive metals are at the top of the reactivity series.
What determines the extraction method for a metal?
The position of the metal on the reactivity series determines the extraction method.
Which metals must be extracted by electrolysis?
Metals that must be extracted by electrolysis are higher up the reactivity series (above carbon) and include aluminum, sodium, potassium, calcium, lithium and magnesium.
True or False?
Iron is extracted by electrolysis.
False.
Iron is extracted by reduction / in the blast furnace.
What is the extraction method for metals below carbon in the reactivity series?
Metals below carbon in the reactivity series are extracted by heating / reduction with carbon.
True or False?
The higher a metal is on the reactivity series, the more resistant it is to oxidation.
False.
Metals higher up are less resistant to oxidation than the metals placed lower down which are more resistant to oxidation.
Is the extraction of metals by heating with carbon an oxidation or reduction reaction?
The extraction of metals by heating with carbon is a reduction reaction.
True or False?
Iron is extracted by electrolysis.
False.
Iron is extracted by reduction / in the blast furnace.
Name the raw materials added to a blast furnace for the extraction of iron.
The raw materials added to a blast furnace for the extraction of iron are iron ore, coke and limestone.
Name the main ore of iron.
The main iron ore is haematite.
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide. (Extended tier only)
The balanced symbol equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide is:
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Fe (I) + 3CO2 (g)
True or false?
In the first stage of the extraction of iron, coke reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide.
False.
In the first stage of the extraction of iron, coke reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
True or false?
The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
True.
The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Why is limestone added to a blast furnace?
Limestone is added to a blast furnace to remove impurities in the ore.
In a blast furnace, name the product formed when carbon reacts with carbon dioxide.
The product formed in the blast furnace when carbon reacts with carbon dioxide is carbon monoxide.
What is molten slag?
Molten slag is calcium silicate formed when calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide.
True or false?
The symbol equation for the formation of slag is:
CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (l)
(Extended tier only)
True.
The symbol equation for the formation of slag is:
CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (l)
Write the symbol equation for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. (Extended tier only)
The symbol equation for the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide is:
CO2 (g) + C (s) → 2CO (g)
Name the main ore of aluminium.
The main ore of aluminium is bauxite.
True or false?
Aluminium is extracted using reduction.
False.
Aluminium is extracted using electrolysis.
Why is aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite during electrolysis? (Extended tier only)
Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite to lower its melting point and reduce the amount of energy required.
What are the electrodes made from in the electrolysis of aluminium oxide? (Extended tier only)
The electrodes are made from graphite / carbon.
True or False?
Oxygen is formed at the anode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide. (Extended tier only)
True.
Oxygen is formed at the anode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide.
Write the ionic half-equation that occurs at the cathode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide. (Extended tier only)
The half-equation that occurs at the cathode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide is:
Al3+ + 3e- → Al
True or False?
During the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the oxide ions are reduced at the anode. (Extended tier only)
False.
During the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the oxide ions are oxidised (lose electrons) at the anode.
Define reduction in terms of electrons.
Reduction is the gain of electrons.
Explain why the anode needs to be replaced regularly during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide. (Extended tier only)
The anode needs to be replaced regularly during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide because the oxygen produced reacts with the carbon electrodes to produce carbon dioxide, causing the anode to wear away.
Why is electrolysis an expensive process?
Electrolysis is expensive as it uses a lot of energy / electricity.
Write the ionic half-equation that occurs at the anode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide. (Extended tier only)
The ionic half-equation that occurs at the anode during the electrolysis of aluminium oxide is:
2O2- → O2 + 4e-