Reactivity Series & Corrosion of Metals (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry)
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What is the general equation for a metal reacting with an acid?
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What is the general equation for a metal reacting with an acid?
The general equation for a metal reacting with an acid is:
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
True or False?
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.
True.
Only metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series will react with dilute acids.
Define the term salt.
A salt is the ionic compound produced when a metal reacts with an acid.
Give the balanced symbol equation for the reaction of calcium with water.
The equation for the reaction of calcium with water is:
Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
True or False?
Copper is more reactive than hydrogen.
False.
Copper is less reactive than hydrogen.
True or False?
Magnesium reacts rapidly with cold water.
False.
Magnesium reacts very slowly with cold water.
True or False?
Sodium is more reactive than potassium.
False.
Potassium is more reactive than sodium.
State the meaning of the observation "vigorous" for a metal-acid reaction.
If a metal-acid reaction is described as "vigorous", it means the reaction is rapid and intense
True or False?
Potassium reacts violently with water and acid.
True.
Potassium reacts violently with water and acid.
Give the name of a metal that is above carbon in the reactivity series.
A metal that is above carbon in the reactivity series is:
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Name a metal that is below hydrogen in the reactivity series
A metal that is below hydrogen in the reactivity series is:
Copper
Silver
Gold
Which metal is more reactive; zinc or iron?
Zinc is more reactive than iron.
Which metal is more reactive; aluminium or zinc?
Aluminium is more reactive than zinc.
What mnemonic can be used to remember the reactivity series?
One mnemonic to remember the reactivity series is:
“Please send lions, cats, monkeys and cute zebras into hot countries signed Gordon”
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver and gold
True or False?
The most reactive metal in the reactivity series is at the bottom.
False.
The most reactive metal is found at the top of the reactivity series.
What is displacement?
Displacement occurs when a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance.
True or false?
Reactivity is determined by the tendency of the metal atoms to gain electrons. (Extended tier only)
False.
Reactivity is determined by the tendency of the metal atoms to lose electrons.
True or False?
Magnesium can displace copper from copper sulfate solution. (Extended tier only)
True.
Magnesium can displace copper from copper sulfate solution.
What is observed when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one from a solution? (Extended tier only)
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one, the less reactive metal coats the surface or falls out as a solid.
Give two observations made when copper sulfate solution reacts with magnesium.
Observations made when copper sulfate solution reacts with magnesium:
The blue colour of the solution fades.
Copper forms at the bottom of the beaker.
True or false?
Reactivity is determined by the tendency of the metal atom to form positive ions. (Extended tier only)
True.
Reactivity is determined by the tendency of the metal atom to form positive ions.
True or false?
Metals lower down the reactivity series, lose electrons more easily. (Extended tier only)
False.
Metals higher up the reactivity series, lose electrons more easily.
Give the products formed when iron reacts with silver nitrate solution.
The products formed when iron reacts with silver nitrate solution are iron(II) nitrate and silver.
Why does aluminium not readily react with water and acids? (Extended tier only)
Aluminium does not readily react with water and acids because it has a protective layer of aluminium oxide.
What is rust?
Rust is the hydrated iron(III) oxide that forms on iron when it corrodes.
Which element does rusting specifically refer to?
Rusting specifically refer to the corrosion of iron.
Write the word equation for the corrosion of iron.
The word equation for the rusting of iron is:
iron + water + oxygen ⟶ hydrated iron(III)oxide
Give two conditions needed for rusting of iron to occur.
Two conditions needed for rusting of iron to occur are water and oxygen.
Give two examples of barrier methods that can prevent rusting.
Examples of barrier methods that can prevent rusting are:
Painting
Greasing
Coating with plastic
Which nail will rust?
Nail A will rust because it is exposed to oxygen AND water.
True or False?
Rusting weakens the structure and integrity of iron over time.
True.
Rusting weakens the structure and integrity of iron over time as more iron is lost.
True or false?
Galvanising is the method of coating iron with a layer of lead.(Extended tier only)
False.
Galvanising is the method of coating iron with a layer of zinc.
What is meant by sacrificial protection?(Extended tier only)
Sacrificial protection is when a more reactive metal is intentionally allowed to corrode to protect the metal it is covering.
Why is zinc used to protect iron from corrosion? (Extended tier only)
Zinc is used to protect iron from corrosion because it is more reactive than iron so will react more readily with oxygen.
How is iron / steel galvanised with zinc? (Extended tier only)
Iron / steel is galvanised with zinc by:
Electroplating
Dipping the metal into molten zinc
True or false?
A metal less reactive than iron can be used for galvanising. (Extended tier only)
False.
A metal more reactive than iron can be used for galvanising.