Group Properties & Trends (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry)
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1/43- FrontGroup I Properties
What is Group I of the Periodic Table called?
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What is Group I of the Periodic Table called?
Group I is called the alkali metals.
Name the two products formed when sodium reacts with water.
The two products formed when sodium reacts with water are sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.
Give two properties of Group 1 metals.
Properties of Group 1 metals are:
They are soft
They have relatively low densities
They have relatively low melting points
They are very reactive
Explain why the alkali metals share similar chemical properties.
The alkali metals share similar chemical properties because they all have one electron in their outer shell.
Write the word equation for the reaction between lithium and water.
lithium + water
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lithium hydroxide + hydrogen Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium and water.
The balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium and water is:
2K (s) + 2H2O (l) ⟶ 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)
Name the product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen.
The product formed when sodium reacts with oxygen is sodium oxide.
Describe the trend in reactivity going down Group 1.
Going down Group 1, reactivity increases.
Give the electronic configuration of a potassium atom.
The electronic configuration of potassium is 2.8.8.1.
Apart from fizzing / effervescence, state two other observations that would be made when sodium is added to water.
Floating
Moving
Melting / turning into a ball / sphere
Getting smaller / disappearing / dissolving
Leaving a white trail
Describe the trend in melting point going down Group 1.
Going down Group 1, melting point decreases.
True or false?
Going down Group 1, density of the elements increases.
True.
Going down Group 1, density of the elements increases.
Name Group VII of the Periodic Table.
Group VII of the Periodic Table is the called the halogens.
Explain why fluorine is in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.
Fluorine is in Group 7 of the Periodic Table because it has 7 electrons in its outer shell.
Give the colour and state of chlorine at room temperature.
The colour and state of chlorine at room temperature is a pale yellow-green gas.
Describe what happens to the density of the halogens going down the group.
Going down the group, the density of the halogens increases.
Give the colour and state of bromine at room temperature.
The colour and state of bromine at room temperature is a red-brown liquid.
State the formula of a chlorine molecule.
The formula of a chlorine molecule is Cl2.
Give the colour and state of iodine at room temperature.
The colour and state of iodine at room temperature is a grey-black solid.
True or false?
The halogens are monoatomic.
False.
The halogens are diatomic.
Describe the trend in reactivity going down Group VII.
Going down Group VII, reactivity decreases.
What is meant by a halogen displacement reaction?
A halogen displacement reaction is one where a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its halide.
Write the word equation for the displacement reaction between potassium bromide and chorine.
The word equation for the displacement reaction between potassium bromide and chlorine is:
potassium bromide + chlorine → potassium chloride + bromine
Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium iodide and bromine.
The balanced symbol equation for the reaction between potassium iodide and bromine is:
Br2 + 2KI → 2KBr + I2
Explain why iodine cannot displace chlorine from potassium chloride.
Iodine cannot displace chlorine from potassium chloride because iodine is less reactive than chlorine.
When chlorine displaces bromine from potassium bromide, what colour will the solution turn?
The solution will turn orange.
Give the charge of the halide ions formed when halogens react with Group 1 metals.
The charge of the ions formed when halogens react with Group 1 metals is 1-.
True or false?
When potassium iodide reacts with bromine, a brown solution is formed.
True.
When potassium iodide reacts with bromine, a brown solution is formed.
Where are transition elements located in the Periodic Table?
Transition elements are located in the middle of the Periodic Table, between Group 2 and Group 3.
Give two typical properties of transition elements.
Typical properties of transition elements include:
high densities.
high melting points.
form coloured compounds.
act as catalysts.
True or False?
Transition metals have ions with variable oxidation numbers.
True.
Transition metals have ions with variable oxidation numbers.
What is the oxidation number of Fe3+? (Extended tier only)
The oxidation number of Fe3+ is +3.
True or False?
Transition elements have low densities.
False.
Transition elements have high densities.
True or False?
Transition metals do not have the properties typical of a metal.
False.
Transition metals do have the properties typical of a metal.
True or False?
Transition elements are useful as catalysts.
True.
Transition elements are useful as catalysts.
Why can transition elements have more than one oxidation number? (Extended tier only)
Transition elements have more than one oxidation number because they can lose different numbers of electrons.
How many electrons has Fe lost to become Fe2+?
Fe has lost 2 electrons to become Fe2+.
True or False?
Compounds containing transition elements in different oxidation states will have different properties and colours. (Extended tier only)
True.
Compounds containing transition elements in different oxidation states will have different properties and colours.
What is Group VIII of the Periodic Table called?
Group VIII of the Periodic Table is the noble gases.
Why are noble gases unreactive?
Noble gases are unreactive as they have full outer shells of electrons.
True or False?
The Group VIII elements are all metal, monatomic, colourless, non-flammable gases at room temperature.
False.
The Group 0 elements are all non-metal, monatomic, colourless, non-flammable gases at room temperature.
State the electronic configuration of neon.
The electronic configuration of neon is 2.8.
True or False?
Noble gases are inert.
True.
Noble gases are inert (unreactive).