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IGCSEChemistryCambridge (CIE)Flashcards2. Atoms, Elements & CompoundsIons & Ionic Bonds

Ions & Ionic Bonds (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry)

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  • What is an ion?

    An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.

  • True or False?

    Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

    True.

    Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

  • Are anions positive or negative ions?

    Anions are negative ions.

  • How are anions formed?

    Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons.

  • True or False?

    Cations are formed by ions losing electrons.

    False.

    Cations are formed by atoms losing electrons.

  • Do metals lose or gain electrons to other atoms?

    Metals lose electrons to other atoms.

  • Why do non-metals gain electrons?

    Non-metals gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

  • What type of ion do metals usually form?

    Metals usually form cations / positive ions.

  • True or False?

    To calculate the number of electrons in a 1+ ion, you add one to the atomic (proton) number.

    False.

    To calculate the number of electrons in a 1+ ion, you subtract one from the atomic (proton) number.

  • Give two reasons why are cations positively charged.

    Cations are positively charged because:

    • They have lost electrons

    • They have more protons than electrons

  • How many electrons does a sulfur atom gain to become a sulfide ion, S2-?

    A sulfur atom gains 2 electrons to become a sulfide ion, S2-.

  • True or False?

    An ion is neutral and has no overall charge.

    False.

    An atom is neutral and has no overall charge.

  • True or False?

    An atom has the same number of protons and neutrons as an ion.

    True.

    An atom has the same number of protons and neutrons as an ion.

  • How many electrons does an atom of aluminium gain or lose to become Al to the power of 3 plus end exponent?

    An atom of aluminium loses 3 electrons to become Al to the power of 3 plus end exponent.

  • How many protons, neutrons and electrons does a fluoride ion contain?

    straight F presubscript 9 presuperscript 19 superscript minus

    The fluoride ion contains:

    • 9 protons

    • (19 - 9) = 10 neutrons

    • 10 electrons

  • How many electrons does a Group 1 element lose to become a 1+ ion?

    A Group 1 element loses 1 electron to form a 1+ ion.

  • What does a dot and cross diagram show?

    A dot and cross diagram shows the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions in an ionic bond.

  • True or False?

    Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

    True.

    Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

  • In the formation of sodium chloride, which atom loses an electron?

    In the formation of sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses an electron.

  • True or False?

    In dot and cross diagrams, you only need to show the outer electrons.

    True.

    In dot and cross diagrams for exam purposes, you only need to show the outer electrons.

  • What happens to a Group 7 atom when it reacts with a Group 1 atom?

    When a Group 7 atom reacts with a Group 1 atom, the Group 7 atom: Gains one electron. Becomes negatively charged / becomes a 1- ion.

  • How are ions attracted to one another in an ionic compound?

    The ions are then attracted to one another and held together by electrostatic forces

  • True or False?

    Ionic compounds have a giant lattice structure. (Extended Tier Only)

    True.

    Ionic compounds have a giant lattice structure.

  • What is the composition of lattices formed by ionic compounds? (Extended Tier Only)

    Lattices formed by ionic compounds consist of a regular arrangement of alternating positive and negative ions.

  • True or False?

    Ionic compounds have an overall charge. (Extended Tier Only)

    False.

    Ionic compounds have no overall charge.

  • In the formation of magnesium oxide (MgO), how many electrons does magnesium lose? (Extended Tier Only)

    In the formation of magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium loses two outer electrons.

  • True or False?

    Square brackets and charges should be included for each ion in dot-and-cross diagrams. (Extended Tier Only)

    True.

    Square brackets and charges should be included for each ion in dot-and-cross diagrams.

  • What is incorrect about this dot-and-cross diagram? (Extended Tier Only)

    Incorrect dot and cross diagram for MgO shown. The Mg ion has a 1+ charge instead of a 2+ charge.

    The Mg ion should have a 2+ charge outside the square bracket.

    Correct MgO dot and cross diagram

  • What type of forces hold ionic compounds together?

    Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

  • True or False?

    Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.

    True.

    Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces holding the ions together.

  • What is the structure of ionic compounds called?

    The structure of ionic compounds is called a giant ionic lattice.

  • Are ionic compounds usually solid or liquid at room temperature?

    Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature.

  • What are electrostatic forces?

    Electrostatic forces are the attractive (or repulsive) forces between charged particles.

  • Why are ionic compounds soluble in water? (Extended Tier Only)

    Ionic compounds are soluble in water because they are polar.

  • In an ionic lattice, what direction do the electrostatic forces act in?

    In an ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act in all directions.

  • True or False?

    Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when solid.

    False.

    Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or aqueous.

  • In an ionic solution, what moves to all electrical current to flow? (Extended Tier Only)

    In an ionic solution, the movement of ions allows electrical current to flow.

  • Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice. (Extended Tier Only)

    A giant ionic lattice is a series of positively charged and negatively charged ions arranged in an alternating pattern.

Previous:Atomic Structure & the Periodic TableNext:Simple Molecules & Covalent Bonds

    1. Topic 1

      Solids, liquids & gases

    1. Topic 1

      Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table

    2. Topic 2

      Ions & Ionic Bonds

    3. Topic 3

      Simple Molecules & Covalent Bonds

    4. Topic 4

      Giant Structures

    1. Topic 1

      Formulae & Relative Masses

    2. Topic 2

      The Mole & the Avogadro Constant

    1. Topic 1

      Electrolysis

    2. Topic 2

      Applications of Electrolysis

    1. Topic 1

      Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions

    1. Topic 1

      Chemical Change & Rate of Reaction

    2. Topic 2

      Reversible Reactions & Equilibrium

    3. Topic 3

      Redox

    1. Topic 1

      The Characteristic Properties of Acids & Bases

    2. Topic 2

      Preparation of Salts

    1. Topic 1

      The Periodic Table & Trends

    2. Topic 2

      Group Properties & Trends

    1. Topic 1

      Properties, Uses & Alloys of Metals

    2. Topic 2

      Reactivity Series & Corrosion of Metals

    3. Topic 3

      Extraction of Metals

    1. Topic 1

      Water & Water Pollution

    2. Topic 2

      Air Quality & Climate

    1. Topic 1

      Formulae, Functional Groups & Terminology

    2. Topic 2

      Organic Families

    3. Topic 3

      Polymers

    1. Topic 1

      Experimental Techniques

    2. Topic 2

      Separation & Purification

    3. Topic 3

      Identification of Ions & Gases