State what is meant by the term element .

An element is a substance made of atoms that all contain the same number of protons and cannot be split into anything simpler.

True or False? Water is an element.

False . Water is a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms chemically combined.

State what is meant by the term compound .

A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined together.

True or False? Compounds can be separated into their elements by physical means.

False . Compounds cannot be separated into their elements by physical means.

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that are not chemically combined.

What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

A compound consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined , while a mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically combined .

True or False? All substances can be classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures.

True . All substances can be classified into one of these three types.

Classify the following as an element, compound or mixture: Air Ammonia, NH 3 Chlorine, Cl 2 Copper sulfate, CuSO 4

The classifications of the following are: Air = mixture Ammonia, NH 3 = compound Chlorine, Cl 2 = element Copper sulfate, CuSO 4 = compound

What is the difference between an element and a compound?

An element consists of only one element, while a compound consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined .

Why is copper sulfate not on the Periodic Table?

Copper sulfate is not in the Periodic Table because it is a compound / not an element.

What is the mass and charge of a proton ?

A proton has a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1.

True or False? All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

True . All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

What is the mass and charge of an electron ?

An electron has a negligible mass and a charge of -1.

Which subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?

The subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons.

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

To calculate the number of neutrons in an atom: Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number OR Number of neutrons = mass number - number of protons

True or False? Atoms are made of subatomic particles.

True . Atoms are made of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Which subatomic particle has a mass of 1 and a charge of 0?

The subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and a charge of 0 is the neutron.

How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?

The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons / the atomic number.

Why are reason atoms are electrically neutral ?

Atoms are electrically neutral because they have the same number of electrons as protons.

True or False? Electrons have a larger mass than protons.

False . Electrons have a much smaller mass than protons.

Which sub-atomic particle is not found inside the nucleus?

The sub-atomic particle that is not found inside the nucleus is the electron .

What is another term for mass number of an atom?

Another term for mass number is nucleon number .

What does atomic number tell us about an atom?

Atomic number tells us the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

What is an electronic configuration ?

An electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in shells.

True or False? Electrons occupy the shell closest to the nucleus first.

True . Electrons occupy the shell closest to the nucleus first.

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?

The first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

What information does the group give about the electronic configuration?

The group gives the number of outer electrons.

True or False? Chlorine has 3 shells of electrons.

True . Chlorine has 3 shells of electrons.

State the electronic configuration of sulfur .

The electronic configuration of sulfur is 2, 8, 6.

What does the last number in an electronic configuration represent?

The last number in an electronic configuration represents the number of outer electrons.

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second and third shells?

The second and third shells can each hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

In terms of electrons, what are other words for shell ?

In terms of electrons, other words for shell include: Orbit Orbital

True or False? Most elements have full outer shells of electrons.

False . Most elements do not have full outer shells of electrons.

True or False? Atoms are more stable if they can completely fill their outer shell with electrons.

True. Atoms are more stable if they can completely fill their outer shell with electrons.

What is the electronic configuration of carbon ?

The electronic configuration of carbon is 2.4.

True or False? The number of notations in the electronic configuration shows the group that the element is in.

False. The number of notations in the electronic configuration shows the period that the element is in, indicating the number of occupied shells.

Which element has the electronic configuration 2.8.1?

The element with the electronic configuration 2.8.1 is sodium .

Silicon has ..... electron shells and ..... outer electrons .

Silicon has 3 electron shells and 4 outer electrons .

True or False? Helium has only one shell of electrons.

True . Helium has only one shell of electrons - the first and innermost shell, which holds only 2 electrons.

True or False? Noble gases have full outer shells of electrons.

True . Noble gases have full outer shells of electrons.

State the electronic configuration of neon.

Neon's electronic configuration is 2. 8.

State two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element. (Extended Tier Only)

Two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element are: The mass numbers of each isotope. The (relative / percentage) abundances of each isotope.

True or False? The r elative atomic mass of an element can be calculated using the atomic numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes. (Extended Tier Only)

False . The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated using the mass numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes.

In terms of isotopes , what is abundance? (Extended Tier Only)

In terms of isotopes, abundance is the amount of each isotope present in a sample of an element.

True or False? Relative atomic mass is calculated by adding the mass numbers of all isotopes. (Extended Tier Only)

False . Relative atomic mass is calculated by: Multiplying the abundance of each isotope by its mass Adding these numbers together Then, dividing this value by the total abundance.

How can you recognise isotopes from their chemical symbol?

Isotopes have the same symbol and same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.

After calculating the A r , how would you identify an element? (Extended Tier Only)

After calculating the A r , you would identify an element by looking for the value on the Periodic Table. For example, A r = 23. On the Periodic Table, the element with an A r of 23 is sodium.

An isotope is an atom of the same element containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

True or False? Isotopes display different chemical characteristics. (Extended Tier Only)

False. Isotopes display the same chemical characteristics.

IGCSEChemistryCambridge (CIE)Flashcards2. Atoms, Elements & CompoundsAtomic Structure & the Periodic Table

Atomic Structure & the Periodic Table (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry)

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State what is meant by the term element.

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Cards in this collection (57)

State what is meant by the term element.
An element is a substance made of atoms that all contain the same number of protons and cannot be split into anything simpler.
True or False?
Nitrogen is an element.
True.
Nitrogen is an element.
True or False?
Water is an element.
False.
Water is a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms chemically combined.
State what is meant by the term compound.
A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more different elements chemically combined together.
True or False?
Compounds can be separated into their elements by physical means.
False.
Compounds cannot be separated into their elements by physical means.
What is a mixture?
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that are not chemically combined.
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A compound consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined, while a mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
True or False?
All substances can be classified as elements, compounds, or mixtures.
True.
All substances can be classified into one of these three types.
Classify the following as an element, compound or mixture:
- Air
- Ammonia, NH₃
- Chlorine, Cl₂
- Copper sulfate, CuSO₄
The classifications of the following are:
- Air = mixture
- Ammonia, NH₃ = compound
- Chlorine, Cl₂ = element
- Copper sulfate, CuSO₄ = compound
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element consists of only one element, while a compound consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined.
Is a copper wire an element or compound?
Copper wire is an element.
Why is copper sulfate not on the Periodic Table?
Copper sulfate is not in the Periodic Table because it is a compound / not an element.
What is the mass and charge of a proton?
A proton has a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1.
True or False?
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
True.
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
What is the mass and charge of an electron?
An electron has a negligible mass and a charge of -1.
Which subatomic particles are in the nucleus of an atom?
The subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
To calculate the number of neutrons in an atom:
- Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
  OR
- Number of neutrons = mass number - number of protons
True or False?
Atoms are made of subatomic particles.
True.
Atoms are made of subatomic particles including protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Which subatomic particle has a mass of 1 and a charge of 0?
The subatomic particle with a mass of 1 and a charge of 0 is the neutron.
How do you determine the number of electrons in an atom?
The number of electrons in an atom is the same as the number of protons / the atomic number.
Why are reason atoms are electrically neutral?
Atoms are electrically neutral because they have the same number of electrons as protons.
True or False?
Electrons have a larger mass than protons.
False.
Electrons have a much smaller mass than protons.
Which sub-atomic particle is not found inside the nucleus?
The sub-atomic particle that is not found inside the nucleus is the electron.
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of ${}_{13}^{27}{Al}$ .
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of ${}_{13}^{27}{Al}$ are:
- Protons = 13
- Neutrons = 27 - 13 = 14
- Electrons = 13
What is another term for mass number of an atom?
Another term for mass number is nucleon number.
What does atomic number tell us about an atom?
Atomic number tells us the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is an electronic configuration?
An electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons in shells.
True or False?
Electrons occupy the shell closest to the nucleus first.
True.
Electrons occupy the shell closest to the nucleus first.
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?
The first shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
What information does the group give about the electronic configuration?
The group gives the number of outer electrons.
True or False?
Chlorine has 3 shells of electrons.
True.
Chlorine has 3 shells of electrons.
State the electronic configuration of sulfur.
The electronic configuration of sulfur is 2, 8, 6.
What does the last number in an electronic configuration represent?
The last number in an electronic configuration represents the number of outer electrons.
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second and third shells?
The second and third shells can each hold a maximum of 8 electrons.
In terms of electrons, what are other words for shell?
In terms of electrons, other words for shell include:
- Orbit
- Orbital
True or False?
Most elements have full outer shells of electrons.
False.
Most elements do not have full outer shells of electrons.
True or False?
Atoms are more stable if they can completely fill their outer shell with electrons.
True.
Atoms are more stable if they can completely fill their outer shell with electrons.
What is the electronic configuration of carbon?
The electronic configuration of carbon is 2.4.
True or False?
The number of notations in the electronic configuration shows the group that the element is in.
False.
The number of notations in the electronic configuration shows the period that the element is in, indicating the number of occupied shells.
Which element has the electronic configuration 2.8.1?
The element with the electronic configuration 2.8.1 is sodium.
Silicon has ..... electron shells and ..... outer electrons .
Silicon has 3 electron shells and 4 outer electrons .
True or False?
Helium has only one shell of electrons.
True.
Helium has only one shell of electrons - the first and innermost shell, which holds only 2 electrons.
True or False?
Noble gases have full outer shells of electrons.
True.
Noble gases have full outer shells of electrons.
State the electronic configuration of neon.
Neon's electronic configuration is 2. 8.
State two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element. (Extended Tier Only)
Two pieces of information required to calculate the relative atomic mass of an element are:
- The mass numbers of each isotope.
- The (relative / percentage) abundances of each isotope.
State the equation for A_r in terms of the percentage abundance and mass of isotopes A and B. (Extended Tier Only)
The equation for calculating relative atomic mass in terms of the percentage abundance and mass of isotopes A and B is:
$\frac{(% of isotope A x mass of isotope A) + (% of isotope B x mass of isotope B)}{100}$
True or False?
The relative atomic mass of an element can be calculated using the atomic numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
The relative atomic mass of an element is calculated using the mass numbers and relative abundances of all its isotopes.
In terms of isotopes, what is abundance? (Extended Tier Only)
In terms of isotopes, abundance is the amount of each isotope present in a sample of an element.
Which of the following are isotopes?
- ${}_{6}^{13}C$
- ${}_{6}^{14}C$
- ${}_{7}^{14}N$
The isotopes are ${}_{6}^{13}C$ and ${}_{6}^{14}C$ .
${}_{7}^{14}N$ is not an isotope because it is a different element (nitrogen not carbon).
True or False?
Relative atomic mass is calculated by adding the mass numbers of all isotopes. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
Relative atomic mass is calculated by:
- Multiplying the abundance of each isotope by its mass
- Adding these numbers together
- Then, dividing this value by the total abundance.
How can you recognise isotopes from their chemical symbol?
Isotopes have the same symbol and same atomic numbers but different mass numbers.
After calculating the A_r, how would you identify an element? (Extended Tier Only)
After calculating the A_r, you would identify an element by looking for the value on the Periodic Table.
For example, A_r = 23. On the Periodic Table, the element with an A_r of 23 is sodium.
Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element using this information about its isotopes:
- Isotope 1: Mass = 71, abundance = 39%
- Isotope 2: Mass = 69, abundance = 61%
(Extended Tier Only)
The relative atomic mass of the element is:
$\frac{(71 \times 39) + (69 \times 61)}{100}$ = 69.8 or 70
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom of the same element containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ${}_{1}^{3}H$ .
The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ${}_{1}^{3}H$ are:
- Protons = 1
- Neutrons = 2
- Electrons = 1
True or False?
Isotopes display different chemical characteristics. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
Isotopes display the same chemical characteristics.
What determines the chemical characteristics of an atom? (Extended Tier Only)
The chemical characteristics of an atom are determined by the number of electrons in the outer shell.

1. States of Matter

Solids, liquids & gases

2. Atoms, Elements & Compounds

3. Stoichiometry

4. Electrochemistry

5. Chemical Energetics

Exothermic & Endothermic Reactions

6. Chemical Reactions

7. Acids, Bases & Salts

8. The Periodic Table

9. Metals

10. Chemistry of the Environment

11. Organic Chemistry

12. Experimental Techniques & Chemical Analysis