Formulae, Functional Groups & Terminology (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Chemistry)
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What does a displayed formula show?
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What does a displayed formula show?
A displayed formula shows the spatial arrangement of all the atoms and bonds in a molecule.
Define structural formulae.
Structural formulae show enough information to make the structure clear, but most of the actual covalent bonds are omitted.
Only important bonds like double and triple bonds are always shown.
What is a molecular formula?
A molecular formula is the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound.
Define structural isomers. (Extended Tier Only)
Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
True or False?
In structural formulae, all covalent bonds are always shown.
False.
In structural formulae, only important bonds like double and triple bonds are always shown.
True or False?
In displayed formulae, all covalent bonds are always shown.
True.
In displayed formulae, all covalent bonds are always shown.
What is the displayed formula of propane, C3H8?
The displayed formula of propane is:
What is the structural formula of propene, C3H6?
The structural formula of propene is CH3CH=CH2.
What is the displayed formula of ethene, C2H4?
The displayed formula of ethene is:
True or False?
The displayed formula of ethanol is:
False.
The displayed formula for ethanol is:
True or False?
CH3CH2CH=CH2 and CH3CH=CHCH3 are structural isomers of one another. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
CH3CH2CH=CH2 and CH3CH=CHCH3 are structural isomers of one another.
True or False?
CH3CH(OH)CH3 is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2OH. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
CH3CH(OH)CH3 is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2OH as the OH group has moved from the middle carbon atom to the end carbon atom.
The molecular formula is the same.
Define the term homologous series.
A homologous series is a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to having the same functional group.
Define the term general formula.
The general formula shows a ratio of atoms in a family of compounds in terms of 'n' where n is a varying whole number.
True or False?
A functional group is a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series.
True.
A functional group is a group of atoms bonded in a specific arrangement that influences the properties of the homologous series
Give two characteristics of a homologous series. (Extended Tier Only)
All members of a homologous series have:
The same general formula
Same functional group
Similar chemical properties
A clear trend in their physical properties
The difference in the molecular formula between one member and the next is CH2
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
The functional group of an alcohol is R-OH
True of False?
The alkene functional group is represented by C-C.
False.
The alkene functional group is represented by C=C.
State the general formula for alkanes.
The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.
What is the general formula for alkenes?
The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n.
True or False?
All members of a homologous series have the same general formula. (Extended Tier Only)
True.
All members of a homologous series have the same general formula.
What is the general formula of alcohols?
The general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1OH.
What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?
The general formula of the carboxylic acids is CnH2n+1COOH.
What are saturated compounds?
Saturated compounds are molecules in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds.
What are unsaturated compounds?
Unsaturated compounds are molecules in which one or more carbon-carbon bonds are not single bonds. They contain carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C).
True or False?
Alkanes are examples of unsaturated compounds.
False.
Alkanes are examples of saturated compounds.
Why are alkenes considered unsaturated?
Alkenes are considered unsaturated because they contain one carbon-carbon double bond.
What happens to the double bond in alkenes during reactions?
The double bond in alkenes can open up, allowing incoming atoms to form another single bond with each carbon atom of the functional group.
What type of bonds do saturated compounds contain between carbon atoms?
Saturated compounds contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
Is the following molecule saturated or unsaturated?
The following compound is saturated.
Is the following molecule saturated or unsaturated?
The following compound is unsaturated.
What does the prefix tell you in the name of a molecule?
The prefix tells you the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain in the compound.
How many carbon atoms are in a carbon chain if the prefix is prop-?
There are three carbon atoms in the carbon chain if the prefix is prop-.
What does the suffix tell you in the name of a molecule?
The suffix tells you what functional group is on the compound.
What is the name of this compound?
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
The name of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH is butan(-1-)ol.
What is the name of this compound?
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
The name of CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 is pentane.
What is the name of this compound?
CH3CH2COOH
The name of CH3CH2COOH is propanoic acid.
What is the name of the this compound? (Extended Tier Only)
CH3(CH2)3HC=CH2
The name of CH3(CH2)3HC=CH2 is hex(-1-)ene.
True or False?
The name of CH3COOCH2CH3 is ethyl methanoate. (Extended Tier Only)
False.
The name of CH3COOCH2CH3 is ethyl ethanoate.
The two carbon atoms highlighted (in bold) come from the carboxylic acid used to form the ester.
True or False?
Numbering in organic compound names always starts from the left.
False.
Numbering in organic compound names sometimes starts from the right to keep the numbers as low as possible.
What is the name of the following alcohol? (Extended Tier Only)
The name of the following alcohol is butan-2-ol.
