Promotional Strategies (Edexcel IGCSE Business)

Revision Note

Lisa Eades

Written by: Lisa Eades

Reviewed by: Steve Vorster

An Introduction to Promotional Strategies

  • The promotion element of the marketing mix includes a variety of promotional strategies
     

Diagram: Types of Promotion

2-2-3-promotion

The different types of promotional methods available to a business to communicate with their target market

  • Each method has advantages and disadvantages associated with their use

  • Businesses must select the most appropriate methods for their product/service, target audience and budget  

Advertising

  • Advertising makes use of the media, such as television, newspapers and radio, to promote products or brands

    • It can reach large audiences and increase brand awareness

    • Advertising can also be used to create a specific brand image or message

      • E.g. The advertising campaign run by Compare the Market (Meerkat) uses humour to make shopping for financial products more attractive

    • Specialist media can target specific market segments

      • E.g. Upmarket furniture brands place advertisements in magazines such as Homes & Antiques and Country Life

  • Advertising is an expensive promotional strategy 

    • E.g. In the US high viewership for the Super Bowl means that 30-second tv advertisements have been sold for as much as $6.5 million

    • In most cases, external specialists or media agencies create attractive and creative advertisements

Sponsorship

  • Sponsorship is a form of public relations where a business provides financial or other support to an event, team, or organization in exchange for marketing exposure

  • Sponsorship can take many forms, such as logo placement or naming rights

    • E.g. Through its sponsorship Emirates gives its name to Arsenal Football Clubs' stadium

  • Major sporting events often attract numerous sponsors keen to align their brand with success

    • Their logos will appear on official merchandise, within sports venues and on promotional materials

Diagram: Sponsors of the 2024 Paris Olympics

4--sponsors-of-the-paris-olympics

Sponsors of the 2024 Paris Olympics include some of France's leading brands

  • However, sponsoring high-profile events can be very expensive and it may be difficult to determine the impact it has on driving sales

Product Trials

  • Prior to a full product launch, product trials involves introducing a product to some customers to assess the market

    • The product may be released to customers in different geographic areas or to specific demographics, such as customers between the ages of 18 and 35

  • Product trials can also be offered to encourage customers to try out a product for a lower price for a limited period of time

    • E.g. Some magazines offer half-price trial subscriptions for a certain number of issues

  • Product trials help gauge demand and collect feedback on the product prior to launching on a large scale

    • It can help businesses forecast product sales, plan advertising campaigns and determine effective distribution strategies

    • For example, a retail clothing store planning to expand its products with a new range of fashion accessories could choose a small group of loyal customers to try the products and offer their opinions.

    • After receiving feedback from these customers, products could undergo design changes, appropriate promotional strategies could be developed and appropriate quantities of stock could be organised

  • However, product trials may not be suitable for all types of products

    • E.g. Products that are durable or purchased infrequently are less likely to see repeat sales following a trial

  • It takes time and money to run effective product trials

    • A business may lose its first-mover advantage as rivals may be able to launch products more quickly

Sales Promotions

  • Sales promotions are incentives or discounts that encourage customers to buy products

    • They are often temporary and are designed to attract new customers to try a product for the first time and become loyal to the brand

    • Examples of sales promotions include free samples, buy one get one free (bogof), discount coupons, loyalty cards, and competitions

Diagram: Examples of Sales Promotions

examples-of-sales-promotions--edexcel-igcse-business-rn

Sales promotions can include price reductions and encouragements to purchase a greater volume of products

  • Sales promotions can quickly boost sales though impulse purchases or customer engagement
      

  • They are also an effective tool to clear out excess stock, promote a new product or raise cash quickly

  • However, for a limited period, revenue per item is reduced

    • This is likely to increase the break-even point

    • Customers may be unwilling to pay a higher price once the sales promotion has come to an end
       

Examiner Tips and Tricks

You could be asked to state an example of a sales promotion used by a business. As 'state' questions require application, you need to select a strategy that the business in the context is actually using. It may be one of the examples above, though it may be a different form of sales promotion.

Branding

  • Branding is the process of creating a unique and identifiable name, design, symbol, or other feature that differentiates a product/service or company from its competitors

  • Strong brands are often well-known within their markets, highly trusted and add credibility to the products a business sells

    • Businesses often align their brands with celebrities that demonstrate the qualities with which they wish their brand to be recognised

      • E.g. Sports stars including Maria Sharapova, Derek Jeter and Rory McIlroy have multi-million dollar endorsement arrangements with Nike 

    • Customers may be willing to pay more for a product that is associated with a well-established brand as they perceive products with strong branding to be of higher quality and therefore worth the extra cost

  • However, building a brand can take a long time and will require significant investment in promotional activities to become well-known

  • Businesses may be subject to negative publicity if those associated with a brand are involved in a scandal or controversy

    • E.g. In 2022 Kanye West was dropped by sports brand Adidas after his anti-Semitic outbursts

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Lisa Eades

Author: Lisa Eades

Expertise: Business Content Creator

Lisa has taught A Level, GCSE, BTEC and IBDP Business for over 20 years and is a senior Examiner for Edexcel. Lisa has been a successful Head of Department in Kent and has offered private Business tuition to students across the UK. Lisa loves to create imaginative and accessible resources which engage learners and build their passion for the subject.

Steve Vorster

Author: Steve Vorster

Expertise: Economics & Business Subject Lead

Steve has taught A Level, GCSE, IGCSE Business and Economics - as well as IBDP Economics and Business Management. He is an IBDP Examiner and IGCSE textbook author. His students regularly achieve 90-100% in their final exams. Steve has been the Assistant Head of Sixth Form for a school in Devon, and Head of Economics at the world's largest International school in Singapore. He loves to create resources which speed up student learning and are easily accessible by all.