1 markFig. 1 shows a section through a blood vessel.
Fig. 1
Identify the type of blood vessel shown in Fig. 1.
3 marksRed blood cells are different to white blood cells.
State three ways in which a red blood cell is different to a white blood cell.
4 marksBlood has many components.
State the name of the liquid component of blood.
[1]
State three substances that are transported in the liquid component of blood.
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3 marksBlood circulates around the body in arteries, veins and capillaries.
Place ticks (✓) in the correct boxes in Table 1 to show the features of arteries.
Table 1
| structure and function | arteries |
| carries blood at high pressure | |
| carries blood towards the heart | |
| has a thick wall | |
| has a narrow lumen | |
| has valves present throughout the vessel |
3 marksFig. 1 shows a photomicrograph of a capillary with red blood cells passing through it.
Fig. 1
[1]
Red blood cells are one component of blood.
State the names of two other components of blood.
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4 marksA student completed different types of activity.
She measured her pulse rate during each type of activity in beats per minute (bpm).
The results are shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
Use Fig. 1 to answer these questions.
State the type of activity that results in the highest pulse rate.
[1]
State the pulse rate of the student when she was cycling. Give your answer in bpm.
[1]
Calculate the percentage increase in her pulse rate between resting and walking.
Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.
[2]
1 markMeasuring the pulse is one way of monitoring the activity of the heart.
State one other way of monitoring the activity of the heart.
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4 marksThe heart is part of the circulation system.
Fig. 1 shows a mammalian heart. 
Fig. 1
Identify structures labelled A to D on Fig. 1.
1 mark1 markExplain why the human circulation system is described as a double circulation system.
2 marksExtended Tier Only
Describe the function of the right side of the heart.
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5 marksThe results are shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1
State two control variables the scientist should have ensured throughout the investigation.
[2]
Describe the results of the investigation.
[3]
3 marksDescribe how the scientist could have measured and recorded heart rate.
3 marksExtended Tier Only
Explain the effect swimming has on heart rate.
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6 marksExtended Tier Only
Fig. 1 shows a photomicrograph of human blood.
Fig. 1
Describe the differences in appearance and the functions of the three cells labelled in Fig. 1.
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3 marksFig. 1 shows a photomicrograph of some red blood cells.
Fig. 1
[1]
1 markState the name of a component of blood that is responsible for clotting.
4 marks[1]
4 marksDescribe how the structures of the circulatory system maintain a one-way flow of blood.
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2 marksThe blood has many components.
Fig. 1 shows a micrograph of a blood smear.
Fig. 1
On the diagram, identify a red blood cell and a white blood cell.
3 marksExtended Tier Only
Blood clots can sometimes form in veins around the body. This is called a venous thromboembolism (VTE) and can be associated with postoperative complications following surgery.
Calculate the percentage decrease in VTE death rates between 2001 and 2017.
4 marksExtended Tier Only
Veins are a type of blood vessel found in mammals.
Compare the structure and function of veins with that of arteries.
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2 marksThe coronary arteries supply the heart muscle tissue with blood.
Fig. 1 shows a coronary artery with a blockage. 
Fig. 1
Explain the effect this blockage could have on heart muscle cells.
3 marksA blocked coronary artery can lead to coronary heart disease.
Table 1 shows information about blood flow through coronary arteries in two people.
Person X was diagnosed with coronary heart disease while person Y does not have coronary heart disease.
Table 1
| person |
blood flow through coronary arteries / cm3 min -1 |
| X | 167 |
| Y | 295 |
Explain the difference in blood flow through the coronary arteries for persons X and Y.
[1]
Calculate the volume of blood flowing through the coronary arteries of person X in 1 hour.
Give your answer in dm3.
[2]
4 marksA blockage of the coronary artery can be caused by fatty deposits called ‘plaques’. Drugs called statins can be taken to help prevent a blockage.
Fig. 2 shows the effects of the treatment of one person with four different statins (A, B, C and D) over a period of 10 years. The arrows show when each new treatment was started.
Fig. 2
Determine a conclusion on the effectiveness of the statin treatments in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease for this person.
3 marksThe data was used to generate a report with the claim: "Coronary heart disease can be cured by statins".
Evaluate the claim made.
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