1 markWhich of the following is the most accurate definition of a drug?
An addictive or harmful substance.
A substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions.
A plant extract that kills bacteria.
A substance that produces side effects as well as therapeutic effects.
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1 markWhich statement best describes the mode of action of antibiotics?
Antibiotics interfere with cellular processes in bacteria, killing them immediately.
Antibiotics interfere with cellular processes in all microorganisms, killing them immediately.
Antibiotics interfere with cellular processes in bacteria, killing them immediately or preventing their reproduction.
Antibiotics interfere with cellular processes in all microorganisms, killing them immediately or preventing their reproduction.
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1 markWhich of the following statements about antibiotics is not correct?
Some antibiotics are produced by fungi.
Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.
Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by viruses.
Antibiotics should only be prescribed when they are needed.
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1 markPenicillin is an antibiotic that prevents bacteria growing by stopping them from forming cell walls.
Why does penicillin not affect viruses?
Viruses do not have cell walls.
Viruses do not contain cytoplasm.
Viruses become resistant to penicillin.
Viruses reproduce rapidly.
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1 markExtended Tier Only
In 1945 Sir Alexander Fleming warned about the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. There is currently an antibiotic resistance crisis.
Which of the following actions would worsen the situation?
1 and 3 only
2 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
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1 markExtended Tier Only
The graph below shows the number of deaths from MRSA per 100 000 people in a population of over-65s from 2005 to 2012.
Which of the following statements are possible explanations for the trend shown in the graph?
More effective antibiotics are being used to treat infected people.
A decrease in the size of the population of over-65 year olds.
Over-65 year olds are immune to MRSA infection.
Antibiotics do not affect viruses.
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1 markThe graph shows the effect of an antibiotic on a population of bacteria in the blood.
What can be concluded from the data in the graph?
Antibiotics take 9 days to kill all bacteria in the population.
Antibiotics cause a reduction in division of bacteria.
Antibiotics are effective against viral and bacterial infections.
Before the start of the antibiotic treatment the bacterial population was increasing.
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1 markExtended Tier Only
The graph below shows the number of deaths from MRSA per 100 000 people in a population of over-65s from 2005 to 2012.
Which of the following is the correct value for the average annual rate of decrease in the number of deaths per 100 000 people from 2005 to 2012?
1.14 deaths per year
1.86 deaths per year
0.71 deaths per year
5.00 deaths per year
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