Nutrient Cycles (CIE IGCSE Biology: Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award))

• Nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen are not endless resources
• There is a finite amount of each element on the planet and as such, they need to be recycled in order to allow new organisms to be made and grow
• Carbon is taken out of the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide by plants to be used for photosynthesis
• It is passed on to animals (and microorganisms) by feeding
• It is returned to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide by plants, animals and microorganisms as a result of respiration
• If animals and plants die in conditions where decomposing microorganisms are not present the carbon in their bodies can be converted, over millions of years and significant pressure, into fossil fuels
• When fossil fuels are burned (the process is known as combustion), the carbon combines with oxygen and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere
• Increased use of fossil fuels is contributing to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere
• In addition, mass deforestation is reducing the amount of producers available to take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere by photosynthesis
• This problem is exacerbated by the fact that in many areas of the world, deforestation is taking place for land rather than for the trees themselves, and as such they are burnt down, releasing yet more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

The Carbon Cycle