STIs & HIV/AIDS
- Unprotected sexual intercourse can lead to the transfer of pathogens via exchange of body fluids
- Infections passed on in this way are known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Sexually Transmitted Infections (CIE IGCSE Biology: Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award))
Revision Note
How HIV Affects the Immune System
- HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an example of an STI
- HIV is a viral pathogen
- The virus infects the body's immune system and decreases the body’s ability to fight infection, eventually leading to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
- HIV can be spread by infected body fluids, e.g.
- Sharing needles with an infected person
- Blood transfusions with infected blood
- From mother to fetus across the placenta during pregnancy
- Mother to baby via breastfeeding
- Having unprotected sexual intercourse with a person infected with HIV
Controlling the Spread of STIs
- The spread of STIs such as HIV is best controlled by:
- Not having unprotected sex, but making sure to always use a condom
- Getting tested if unprotected sex or sex with multiple partners has occurred
- Raising awareness through education programmes
- Never sharing needles and ensuring medical equipment is sterile
- Screening for HIV during pregnancy
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