Industrial Fermenters (Edexcel IGCSE Biology)
Revision Note
Industrial Fermenters
Fermenters are containers used to grow (‘culture’) microorganisms like bacteria and fungi in large amounts
These can then be used for brewing beer, making yoghurt and mycoprotein and other processes not involving food, like producing genetically modified bacteria and moulds that produce antibiotics (e.g. penicillin)
The advantage of using a fermenter is that conditions can be carefully controlled to produce large quantities of exactly the right type of microorganism
A diagram of an industrial fermenter used to produce large quantities of microorganisms
Controlling conditions in an industrial fermenter table
Condition | Why and how is it controlled? |
|---|---|
Aseptic precautions | Fermenter is cleaned by steam to kill microorganisms and prevent chemical contamination, which ensures only the desired microorganisms will grow |
Nutrients | Nutrients are needed for use in respiration to release energy for growth and to ensure the microorganisms are able to reproduce |
Optimum temperature | Temperature is monitored using probes and maintained using the water jacket to ensure an optimum environment for enzymes to increase enzyme activity (enzymes will denature if the temperature is too high or work too slowly if it is too low) |
Optimum pH | pH inside the fermenter is monitored using a probe to check it is at the optimum value for the particular microorganism being grown. The pH can be adjusted, if necessary, using acids or alkalis |
Oxygenation | Oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration to take place |
Agitation | Stirring paddles ensure that microorganisms, nutrients, oxygen, temperature and pH are evenly distributed throughout the fermenter |
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