Practical: Investigating pH & Enzyme Activity (Edexcel IGCSE Biology)
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Practical: Enzymes & pH
Amylase is an enzyme that digests starch (a polysaccharide of glucose) into maltose (a disaccharide of glucose)
The effect of different pH levels on the activity of amylase can be investigated
Apparatus
Spotting tile
Measuring cylinder
Test Tube
Syringe
Pipette
Stopwatch
Buffer solutions
Iodine
Starch solution
Amylase solution
Method
Add a drop of iodine to each of the wells of a spotting tile
Use a syringe to place 2 cm3 of amylase into a test tube
Add 1cm3 of buffer solution (at pH 2) to the test tube using a syringe
Use another test tube to add 2 cm3 of starch solution to the amylase and buffer solution, start the stopwatch whilst mixing using a pipette
Every 10 seconds, transfer a droplet of the solution to a new well of iodine solution (which should turn blue-black)
Repeat this transfer process every 10 seconds until the iodine solution stops turning blue-black (this means the amylase has broken down all the starch)
Record the time taken for the reaction to be completed
Repeat the investigation with buffers at different pH values (ranging from pH 3.0 to pH 7.0)
Investigating the effect of pH on enzyme activity
Results and Analysis
Amylase is an enzyme which breaks down starch
When the iodine solution remains orange-brown, all the starch has been digested
This investigation shows:
At the optimum pH, the iodine stopped turning blue-black and remained orange-brown within the shortest amount of time
This is because the enzyme is working at its fastest rate and has digested all the starch
At higher or lower pH's (above or below the optimum) the iodine took a longer time to stop turning blue-black or continued to turn blue-black for the entire investigation
This is because on either side of the optimum pH, the enzymes are starting to become denatured and as a result are unable to bind with the starch or break it down
Limitations
The starch and amylase solutions that need to be used should be placed in a water bath at optimum temperature before being used
A colorimeter can be used to measure the progress of the reaction more accurately by measuring the absorbance/transmission of light through the coloured solution
A control of iodine solution would be used for comparison
A graph showing the optimum pH for an enzyme from a region of the small intestine
Applying CORMS to practical work
When working with practical investigations, remember to consider your CORMS evaluation
CORMS Evaluation
In this investigation, your evaluation should look something like this:
C - We are changing the pH of the environment
O - This is not relevant to this investigation as we aren't using an organism
R - We will repeat the investigation several times to ensure reliability
M1 - We will measure the time taken for
M2 - the iodine to stop turning black
S - We will control the concentration and volume of the amylase, iodine and starch solution used in the investigation
Examiner Tips and Tricks
When describing the effect of pH on enzyme activity, it is important to remember that any pH outside of the optimum can lead to the enzyme becoming permanently denatured.
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