Biological Molecules (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Biology)

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  • True or False?

    Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids contain carbon.

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Cards in this collection (21)

  • True or False?

    Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids contain carbon.

    True.

    Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids contain carbon.

  • What are the chemical elements present in carbohydrates?

    Carbohydrates are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

  • True or False?

    Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all made of glucose.

    True.

    Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all carbohydrates built from many molecules of glucose joined together.

  • What are the chemical elements present in proteins?

    Proteins contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen.

    Some contain small amounts of other elements such as sulfur.

  • What is the product when proteins are broken down into smaller molecules?

    When proteins are broken down into smaller molecules amino acids are produced.

  • What are the chemical elements present in lipids?

    Lipids are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

  • True or False?

    Fats and oils are built from many glycerol molecules.

    False.

    Each molecule within fats and oils contain a single glycerol molecules joined to three fatty acids.

  • What is the test for starch?

    The test for starch involves adding iodine solution to a food sample. A positive result is a colour change from orange-brown to blue-black.

  • True or False?

    A positive iodine test will turn the solution from red to blue-black.

    False.

    A positive test for starch using iodine will turn the solution from brown/orange to blue-black.

  • What is the test for glucose (a reducing sugar)?

    The test for glucose involves adding Benedict's solution to a sample and heating it in a boiling water bath. A positive result is a colour change from blue to brick red.

  • What is the starting colour of Benedict's solution?

    The starting colour of Benedict's solution is blue.

  • What is the test for the presence of protein?

    The protein test involves adding Biuret solution to a food sample. A positive result is a colour change from blue to violet/purple.

  • What is the starting colour of Biuret solution?

    The starting colour of Biuret solution is blue.

  • What is the test for lipids?

    The test for lipids involves mixing a sample with ethanol and then adding the ethanol solution to cold water. A positive result is a cloudy white emulsion forming.

    Note that a sample containing solid pieces of food may need to be strained before a positive result can be clearly seen.

  • What does the DCPIP test for vitamin C involve?

    The DCPIP test for vitamin C involves the addition of a food sample to blue DCPIP solution. If vitamin C is present then the DCPIP will become colourless.

  • Which of the food tests must be heated to observe the results?

    The Benedict's test for glucose (a reducing sugar) must be heated to observe the results.

  • Describe the structure of DNA. (Extended Tier Only)

    DNA consists of two strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The strands are held together by a series of paired bases with bonds in between.

  • Identify the four nucleotide bases found in DNA. (Extended Tier Only)

    The four nucleotide bases in DNA are:

    • A

    • T

    • C

    • G

  • True or False?

    Nucleotide base A pairs with G in DNA. (Extended Tier Only)

    False.

    A pairs with T in DNA base pairing.

  • Describe how bases pair together in DNA. (Extended Tier Only)

    Bases in DNA pair together via complementary base pairing:

    • A pairs with T

    • C pairs with G

  • What sequence of bases would pair with the DNA base sequence below (Extended Tier Only):

    ACCGTTTGCAA

    The base sequence would be paired as follows:

    Original sequence: ACCGTTGCA

    Paired sequence: TGGCAACGT