Operations with Polynomials (CIE IGCSE Additional Maths)

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Lucy

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Expanding Brackets

What is a polynomial?

  • A polynomial is an algebraic expression consisting of a finite number of terms, with non-negative integer indices only

examples of what is and isnt a polynomial 

What do I need to know about expanding brackets?

  • Expanding brackets is now extended to include
    • brackets with more than 2 terms
    • brackets that are polynomials (beyond linear)
  • To expand two brackets, each term in the first set of brackets must be multiplied by each term in the second set of brackets
    • If there are more than 2 brackets to expand, only work with a pair at a time 
    • You may have seen or used FOIL to expand quadratic expressions
      • that is helpful but is a special case (shortcut) of this more general approach 

expanding brackets example

  • If you are trying to expand a two term bracket to a higher power (i.e. open parentheses a plus b close parentheses to the power of n) then use the binomial expansion 

Worked example

Expanding brackets worked example 1

Worked example

Expanding brackets worked example 2

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Lucy

Author: Lucy

Expertise: Head of STEM

Lucy has been a passionate Maths teacher for over 12 years, teaching maths across the UK and abroad helping to engage, interest and develop confidence in the subject at all levels. Working as a Head of Department and then Director of Maths, Lucy has advised schools and academy trusts in both Scotland and the East Midlands, where her role was to support and coach teachers to improve Maths teaching for all. Lucy has created revision content for a variety of domestic and international Exam Boards including Edexcel, AQA, OCR, CIE and IB.