Functionalism - GCSE Sociology Definition

Functionalism is a sociological perspective that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and order.

In GCSE Sociology, students learn that functionalism emphasises the importance of social institutions like the family, education, and religion in maintaining the smooth functioning of society. Each part of society is seen as having a specific role or function that contributes to the overall equilibrium and cohesion of the community.

This perspective was largely developed by sociologists such as Émile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons, who believed that social institutions and structures are essential for social solidarity and that disruptions in these functions could lead to social instability. Functionalism therefore focuses on how various elements of society contribute positively to its continued existence and harmony.