Hubris - GCSE English Literature Definition

What is hubris?

In GCSE English Literature, hubris refers to excessive pride or self-confidence, often leading to a character’s downfall. It is a common theme in tragedy and is closely linked to the concept of a tragic flaw (hamartia), which causes the protagonist’s downfall.

Why do writers use hubris?

Writers use hubris to highlight a character’s arrogance and how it blinds them to their fate. In classical tragedy, hubris often leads to divine punishment or a dramatic reversal of fortune. It serves as a caution, warning against the dangers of overestimating one’s abilities or defying moral or natural laws.

Example of hubris

A clear example of hubris appears in Macbeth by William Shakespeare:

"I bear a charmed life, which must not yield
To one of woman born."

Here, Macbeth believes he is invincible due to the witches' prophecies. His overconfidence blinds him to the true meaning of their words, leading to his downfall when Macduff, not of woman born, ultimately kills him. Macbeth’s hubris prevents him from seeing the limits of his power, making his downfall inevitable.

Revision resources to ace your exams

Learn how to explore a writer’s use of hubris by using our detailed GCSE revision notes.

GCSE English Literature Revision Notes

For more literary techniques, check out our list of 127 top literary devices, complete with student-friendly definitions.