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Empirical Formula - GCSE Chemistry Definition

Reviewed by: Alexandra Brennan

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What is empirical formula?

In GCSE Chemistry, empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound.

In ionic compounds, the formula of the ionic compound is always the empirical formula. For example, sodium chloride has an empirical formula of NaCl. For covalent compounds, the empirical formula can be calculated from the masses of each element in a compound, or by reducing the molecular formula (the actual number of atoms of each element) to the simplest ratio. For example, ethane has a molecular formula of C2H6 but an empirical formula of CH3.

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Alexandra Brennan

Reviewer: Alexandra Brennan

Expertise: Chemistry Content Creator

Alex studied Biochemistry at Newcastle University before embarking upon a career in teaching. With nearly 10 years of teaching experience, Alex has had several roles including Chemistry/Science Teacher, Head of Science and Examiner for AQA and Edexcel. Alex’s passion for creating engaging content that enables students to succeed in exams drove her to pursue a career outside of the classroom at SME.

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