Hybridization - AP® Chemistry Definition

What is hybridization?

Hybridisation in chemistry refers to the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to create new hybrid orbitals, which are used to describe the bonding properties of atoms in molecules. This process allows for the formation of orbitals with suitable directional characteristics to form chemical bonds.

For instance, when carbon forms four covalent bonds, its 2s and three 2p orbitals hybridise to create four equivalent sp³ hybrid orbitals, oriented in a tetrahedral geometry. This model helps explain molecular shapes and bond angles in complex molecules, playing a crucial role in understanding molecular structure and reactivity, a fundamental aspect studied in the AP® Chemistry course.

Hybridization Revision Resources to Ace Your Exams

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