Civil War - A Level European History Definition

What is a civil war?

In A Level History, a civil war is a war fought between groups within the same country, rather than between different nations. Unlike external wars between nations, civil wars typically involve government forces against rebel groups, or rival factions competing for control of the state. Examples include the English Civil War (1642–1651), the American Civil War (1861–1865), and the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939). 

What impact can a civil war have?

Civil wars often result in major political change, suffering, and long-term consequences for the country. For example, The English Civil War (1642–1651) led to the execution of Charles I, the abolition of the monarchy, and temporary republican rule under Oliver Cromwell. Economically, war disruption harmed trade and agriculture, while socially, divisions between Royalists and Parliamentarians deepened tensions.

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