Aims, Hypotheses & Pilot Studies (AQA GCSE Sociology)
Revision Note
Written by: Raj Bonsor
Reviewed by: Cara Head
Aims and hypotheses
Sociologists carry out research in order to collect evidence to contribute to our understanding of modern society
Research findings provide important information for policy makers, government and local authorities
Once a sociologist has carried out a literature review, they will ask questions that have not been addressed yet
During this research process, they try to answer these questions in the form of research aims or hypotheses
Aims | Hypothesis |
|---|---|
Research aims give the study a clear focus by outlining the researcher's intended investigation. | A hypothesis is a well-informed guess. Written as a testable statement, it will either be supported or refuted by the evidence. |
Researchers use a variety of sources to formulate their research questions, aims, and hypotheses, such as:
one of their earlier studies in which they found something unexpected or intriguing
their review of existing literature on a specific topic
new technological advancements, like social media
their own personal interests and experiences
significant and current social issues, such as the cost of living or the current political climate
Pilot studies
A pilot study is a small-scale trial study carried out before the main research
It usually involves a very small sample of participants
It allows the researcher to check whether the main study will generate relevant data that can help answer the research questions and aims
During a pilot study, the researcher can test the chosen research methods and ensure that they are appropriate and cost-effective
A pilot study helps identify and address potential problems such as:
ambiguous or confusing phrasing of questions
repetitive questions
the questionnaire takes too long to complete
A pilot study is an important part of the research process as it may save time, money and effort in the long run
Worked Example
Here is an example of a research methods question in context:
Identify and explain one advantage of using a pilot study to investigate life chances.
[4 marks]
Model Answer:
Identify the advantage in the context of the question:
Reducing cost is an advantage of pilot studies, as life chances is a broad topic to investigate.
Elaborate in the context of the question:
This is because a large sample (such as working-class women) would need to be obtained and followed over time, which is time-consuming and expensive. A pilot study must be conducted so that the researcher can ensure they have selected the most appropriate and cost-effective method for investigating life chances.
Level 4 response: 4 marks
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