1 markWhich Venn diagram (A - D) best summarises the similarities and differences between natural selection and selective breeding? Place each of the four statements below into the correct sector of the Venn diagram.
Requires mutations to generate desirable alleles
Reduces the gene pool
Biotic and abiotic factors put selective pressures on individual animals or plants
Only individuals with advantageous characteristics are able to mate
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1 markWhich of the following statements correctly describes a use of genetic engineering?
Only breeding from crop plants that are resistant to pests.
Altering the DNA in crop plants so that they are resistant to herbicides.
Using yeast to produce ethanol.
Production of insulin in the pancreas.
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1 markWhat needs to be inserted into a maize plant's cells to allow it to gain resistance to insect pests?
An enzyme
A molecule of the insecticide
A length of DNA from a naturally-resistant species
A length of human DNA
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1 markWhich one of the following would not be an unintended consequence of genetic modification of crop plants?
Higher crop yields.
Reduced biodiversity.
The inserted gene being transferred to weed crops, giving them resistance.
A side effect of poor growth.
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1 markWhat is the primary role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
To cut open plasmid DNA
To join human DNA to plasmid DNA
To identify the location of human genes
To insert plasmids into bacteria
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1 markThe drawings show typical cattle kept by farmers in 1900 and in 2000.
Which process would have been used between 1900 and 2000 to produce these changes in the cattle?
Artificial classification
Biological control
Natural selection
Selective breeding
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1 markIn selective breeding which organisms breed?
Humans choose which organisms breed.
Organisms that are best suited to their environment will breed.
Random organisms will breed.
The youngest organisms will breed.
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1 markWhich of these is used to cut DNA molecules in genetic engineering?
Ligase enzymes
Plasmids
Restriction enzymes
Sticky ends
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1 markWhat is the role of antibiotic resistance markers in producing genetically engineered bacteria?
To identify which genes to insert into the bacteria.
To identify which bacteria have taken up the plasmid.
To identify which plasmids contain the genes.
To identify which proteins are produced by the bacteria.
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1 markBacteria are used in genetic engineering.
A plasmid is used to transfer the required DNA into the bacterium.
What is the term used to describe the role of the plasmid in this technology?
enzyme
host
transgenic
vector
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1 markSome plants have been genetically engineered so that they grow larger.
Each cell of the plant has a new gene inserted so that it produces a different protein.
What does genetic engineering do to the plant?
It changes the phenotype and the genotype.
It changes the genotype but not the phenotype.
It changes the phenotype but not the genotype.
It changes neither the genotype nor the phenotype.
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