Measuring Speed (OCR Gateway GCSE Physics: Combined Science)

• Speed is the distance travelled by an object every second
• The simplest way to measure the speed of an object, is to time how long it takes to travel a known distance and use the equation:

Choosing Equipment

• To ensure a result for speed is as accurate as possible, choose the appropriate equipment to measure the distance and time

Some simple equipment that can be used to measure distance and time

• To compare the average falling speed of a tennis ball to a plastic cone, for example, you could use:
  • A metre rule to measure the distance they fall from
  • A timer to measure how long they take to reach the ground

• It would not be practical to use a metre rule to measure the length of an athletics track though
• In this instance, a more appropriate piece of equipment would be a (long!) tape measure, or even better, a trundle wheel

A trundle wheel is ideal for measuring long distances

Using Lights Gates to Measure Time

• Light gates are pieces of digital equipment that allow times to be measured more accurately

Light gates can be used to accurately time the motion of objects in a laboratory

• A light gate can be used to start a timer when an object passes through it
• A flag on top of the moving object blocks a beam of light as it passes through the light gate, triggering the timer to start
• A second light gate (at some fixed distance away) can be used to stop the timer as the object passes through it

Single Light Gates to Measure Speed

• A single light gate can also be used to measure the speed of an object as it passes through

Example of using a single light gate to measure speed

• The timer measures how long the light gate is blocked for
• The distance travelled is given by the length of the flag passing through the light gate
• The two measurements for distance travelled and time taken can then be used in the equation for speed