Calculating Speed (AQA GCSE Physics: Combined Science)

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Calculating Speed

  • For objects that are moving with a constant speed, use the equation below to calculate the speed:

  • Where:
    • v = speed in metres per second (m/s)
    • s = distance travelled in metres (m)
    • t = time taken in seconds (s)

Worked example

Planes fly at typical speeds of around 250 m/s. Calculate the distance travelled by a plane moving at this speed for 2 hours.

Step 1: List the known quantities

    • Speed, v = 250 m/s
    • Time, t = 2 hours

Step 2: Write the relevant equation

Step 3: Rearrange for distance travelled, s

s = v × t

Step 4: Convert any units

    • The time given in the question is not in standard units
    • Convert 2 hours into seconds:

2 hours = 2 × 60 ×60 = 7200 s

Step 5: Substitute in the values for speed and time

s = 250 × 7200 = 1 800 000 m

Calculating Average Speed

  • In some cases, the speed of a moving object is not constant
    • For example, the object might be moving faster or slower at certain moments in time (accelerating and decelerating)

  • Because its speed is not constant, it is moving with non-uniform motion
  • The equation for calculating the average speed for non-uniform motion is:

  • This can be rearranged with the help of a formula triangle as shown:

Average Speed Triangle, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

Average speed, total distance, time formula triangle

Worked example

Florence Griffith Joyner set the women’s 100 m world record in 1988, with a time of 10.49 s. Calculate her average speed during the race. 

Step 1: List the known quantities

    • Distance, s = 100 m
    • Time, t = 10.49 s

Step 2: Write the relevant equation

    • Sprinters typically speed up out of the blocks up to some maximum speed
    • Because Florence’s speed changes over the race, we can calculate her average speed using the equation:

average speed = total distance ÷ time taken

Step 3: Check any unit conversions

    • Check that all quantities given in the question are in standard units
    • In this example, they are all in standard units

Step 4: Substitute the values for total distance and time

Average speed = 100 ÷ 10.49 = 9.53288... = 9.53 m/s

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Ashika

Author: Ashika

Expertise: Physics Project Lead

Ashika graduated with a first-class Physics degree from Manchester University and, having worked as a software engineer, focused on Physics education, creating engaging content to help students across all levels. Now an experienced GCSE and A Level Physics and Maths tutor, Ashika helps to grow and improve our Physics resources.