Resultant Forces (AQA GCSE Physics: Combined Science)

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Resultant Force

  • A resultant force is a single force that describes all of the forces operating on a body
  • When many forces are applied to an object they can be combined (added) to produce one final force which describes the combined action of all of the forces
  • This single resultant force determines:
    • The direction in which the object will move as a result of all of the forces
    • The magnitude of the final force experienced by the object

  • The resultant force is sometimes called the net force
  • Forces can combine to produce
    • Balanced forces
    • Unbalanced forces

  • Balanced forces mean that the forces have combined in such a way that they cancel each other out and no resultant force acts on the body
    • For example, the weight of a book on a desk is balanced by the normal force of the desk
    • As a result, no resultant force is experienced by the book, the book and the table are equal and balanced

Balanced Forces, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

A book resting on a table is an example of balanced forces

  • Unbalanced forces mean that the forces have combined in such a way that they do not cancel out completely and there is a resultant force on the object
    • For example, imagine two people playing a game of tug-of-war, working against each other on opposite sides of the rope
    • If person A pulls with 80 N to the left and person B pulls with 100 N to the right, these forces do not cancel each other out completely
    • Since person B pulled with more force than person A the forces will be unbalanced and the rope will experience a resultant force of 20 N to the right

Tug O War, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

A tug-of-war is an example of when forces can become unbalanced

Calculating Resultant Force

  • Resultant forces can be calculated by adding or subtracting all of the forces acting on the object
    • Forces working in opposite directions are subtracted from each other
    • Forces working in the same direction are added together

  • If the forces acting in opposite directions are equal in size, then there will be no resultant force – the forces are said to be balanced

Adding Forces, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

Diagram showing the resultant forces on three different objects

  • Imagine the forces on the boxes as two people pushing on either side
    • In the first scenario, the two people are evenly matched - the box doesn't move
    • In the second scenario, the two people are pushing on the same side of the box, it moves to the right with their combined strength
    • In the third scenario, the two people are pushing against each other and are not evenly matched, so there is a resultant force to the left

Worked example

Calculate the magnitude and direction of the resultant force in the diagram below.Resultant Vector Example, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

Step 1: Add up all of the forces directed to the right

4 N + 8 N = 12 N

Step 2: Subtract the forces on the right from the forces on the left

14 N – 12 N = 2 N

Step 3: Evaluate the direction of the resultant force

    • The force to the left is greater than the force to the right therefore the resultant force is directed to the left

Step 4: State the magnitude and direction of the resultant force

    • The resultant force is 2 N to the left

Examiner Tip

Remember to always provide units for your answer and to state whether the force is to the left, to the right, or maybe up or down

Always provide your final answer as a description of the magnitude and the direction, for example:

  • Resultant Force = 4 N to the right

Katie M, Physics

Teacher tip

Katie M

Physics

I always advise my students to draw force diagrams for any forces question, because it is the fastest and most visual way to figure out what is going on in the scenario. Harder force questions contain multiple forces and may not include an image to help you, so even if there are no marks awarded for it, sketch a quick free-body force diagram (the object is represented as a dot and the force arrows are drawn on it), then label the forces with their names and values. This will help you to avoid mistakes and to avoid missing any forces. Remember that you may have calculated any missing values in previous parts of the question.

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Katie M

Author: Katie M

Expertise: Physics

Katie has always been passionate about the sciences, and completed a degree in Astrophysics at Sheffield University. She decided that she wanted to inspire other young people, so moved to Bristol to complete a PGCE in Secondary Science. She particularly loves creating fun and absorbing materials to help students achieve their exam potential.