Calculating Weight (AQA GCSE Physics: Combined Science)

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Katie M

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Mass v Weight

  • Mass (measured in kilograms, kg) is related to the amount of matter in an object
  • Weight (measured in newtons, N) is the force of gravity on a mass
    • The weight of an object and the mass of an object are directly proportional
    • The size of this force depends on the gravitational field strength (often called gravity, g, for short)

Examiner Tip

It is a common misconception that mass and weight are the same, but they are in fact very different

  • Since weight is a force - it is a vector quantity
  • Since mass is an amount - it is a scalar quantity

Calculating Weight

  • Weight, mass and gravitational field strength are related using the equation:

Weight equation, downloadable AS & A Level Physics revision notes

  • g is known as the acceleration due to gravity or the gravitational field strength
  • On Earth, this is equal to 9.81 m/s2 (or N/kg)

Free Fall

  • An object in free fall is falling solely under the influence of gravity
  • On Earth, all free-falling objects accelerate towards Earth at a rate of 9.81 m/s2
  • In the absence of air resistance, all bodies near the Earth will fall with the same acceleration regardless of their mass

Mass v Weight

  • An object’s mass always remains the same, however, its weight will differ depending on the strength of the gravitational field on different planets
  • For example, the gravitational field strength on the Moon is 1.63 N/kg, meaning an object’s weight will be about 6 times less than on Earth

Mass vs weight, downloadable AS & A Level Physics revision notes

On the moon, your mass will stay the same but your weight will be much lower

  • The value of g (gravitational field strength) varies from planet to planet depending on their mass and radius
  • A few examples of varying gravitational field strength are shown below:

Gravitational field strength diagram, downloadable AS & A Level Physics revision notes

Gravitational field strength of the planets in our solar system

Worked example

A student estimates they would have a weight of 190 N on Mars.The gravitational field strength on Earth is 9.8 N/kg. The gravitational field strength on Mars is 3.8 N/kg.Calculate the weight of the student on Earth.

Step 1: List the known quantities

    • Weight on Mars, WM = 190 N
    • Gravitational field strength on Mars, gM = 3.8 N/kg
    • Gravitational field strength on Earth, gE = 9.8 N/kg

Step 2: Write out the equation relating mass and weight and rearrange for mass

W = mg

    • Divide both sides by g:

Step 3: Calculate the student’s mass

    • The student’s mass is the same anywhere in the universe

Step 4: Calculate the student’s weight on Earth

WE = m × gE = 50 × 9.8 = 490 N

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Katie M

Author: Katie M

Expertise: Physics

Katie has always been passionate about the sciences, and completed a degree in Astrophysics at Sheffield University. She decided that she wanted to inspire other young people, so moved to Bristol to complete a PGCE in Secondary Science. She particularly loves creating fun and absorbing materials to help students achieve their exam potential.