Gravitational Potential Energy (AQA GCSE Physics: Combined Science)

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What is Gravitational Potential Energy?

  • Energy in the gravitational store of an object is defined as:

The energy an object has due to its height in a gravitational field

  • This means:
    • If an object is lifted up, energy is transferred to its gravitational potential store 
    • If an object falls, energy will be transferred away from its gravitational potential store

gpe man, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

Gravitational Potential Energy Equation

  • The gravitational potential energy, Ep, of an object can be calculated using the equation:

Ep = m × g × h

  • Where:
    • Ep = gravitational potential energy, in joules (J)
    • m = mass, in kilograms (kg)
    • g = gravitational field strength in newtons per kilogram (N/kg)
    • h = height in metres (m)

Gravitational Field Strength

  • The gravitational field strength (g) on the Earth is approximately 9.8 N/kg
  • The gravitational field strength on the surface of the Moon is less than on the Earth
    • This means it would be easier to lift a mass on the Moon than on the Earth

  • The gravitational field strength on the surface of the gas giants (eg. Jupiter and Saturn) is more than on the Earth
    • This means it would be harder to lift a mass on the gas giants than on the Earth

Gravitational field strength diagram, downloadable AS & A Level Physics revision notes

Some values for g on the different objects in the Solar System

Worked example

A man of mass 70 kg climbs a flight of stairs that is 3 m higher than the floor. Gravitational field strength is approximately 9.8 N/kg. Calculate the energy transferred to the man's gravitational potential energy store.

 

Step 1: List the known quantities

      • Mass of the man, m = 70 kg
      • Gravitational field strength, g = 9.8 N/kg
      • Height, Δh = 3 m

Step 2: Write down the equation for gravitational potential energy

ΔEP = mgΔh

Step 3: Calculate the gravitational potential energy

ΔEP = 70 × 9.8 × 3

ΔEP  = 2058 J

Examiner Tip

When doing calculations involving gravitational field strength, g, always use the value of 9.8 N/kg unless you are told otherwise in your exam question. You will be expected to remember the value of g for your exam!

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Katie M

Author: Katie M

Expertise: Physics

Katie has always been passionate about the sciences, and completed a degree in Astrophysics at Sheffield University. She decided that she wanted to inspire other young people, so moved to Bristol to complete a PGCE in Secondary Science. She particularly loves creating fun and absorbing materials to help students achieve their exam potential.