The Electromagnetic Spectrum (OCR GCSE Physics A (Gateway))

Exam Questions

1 hour16 questions
1a
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3 marks

Some devices that each use one type of electromagnetic radiation are shown in Fig. 1.1.

Fig. 1.1

Diagram showing devices like radio, TV remote, binoculars, and sunbed linked to electromagnetic radiation types: radio waves, microwaves, and more.

Draw one line from each device to the correct type of electromagnetic radiation. One has been done for you.

1b
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1 mark

Fig. 1.2 shows a partially-labelled diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Fig. 1.2

Diagram showing electromagnetic spectrum from gamma ray to radio with labels: gamma ray, A, ultraviolet, visible, infra-red, B, and radio.

(i) On Fig. 1.2, add the names of the missing radiations at A and B.

[2] 

(ii) Indicate the radiation that has the lowest frequency. On Fig. 1.2, draw a ring around the radiation.

[1]

1c
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3 marks

All electromagnetic waves share some properties.

Complete the sentences using the words from the list.

You may use each word once, more than once, or not at all

longitudinal ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ transverse ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ positively‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎less dense medium ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ same speed‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ different speed‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ vacuum ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ dense medium

  • All electromagnetic waves are ......................................

  • All electromagnetic waves can travel through a ......................................

  • All electromagnetic waves travel at the ...................................... in a vacuum

1d3 marks

Electromagnetic (EM) waves carry energy and so can transfer energy from one point to another point.

Place a tick next to the examples of EM energy transfer.

Possible energy transfer examples

Place a tick if this is correct

Water molecules absorb certain wavelengths of microwave radiation

All small objects such as electrons emit gamma radiation

Ultraviolet waves from the Sun provide plants with the energy for photosynthesis

Radio waves are absorbed by the buildings which they pass through

All hot objects emit infrared radiation

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2a
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1 mark

Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the longest wavelength?

  • Gamma

  • Microwave

  • Ultraviolet

  • Infrared

2b
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1 mark

Which of the following electromagnetic waves transfers the greatest amount of energy?

  • Radio waves

  • X-rays

  • Visible light

  • Ultraviolet

2c
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3 marks

The table shows some EM waves. 

Identify the waves that all travel at the same speed in air by placing a tick in the relevant box in the table. 

EM Waves

Place a tick to identify the waves that travel at the same speed in air

The red part of visible light

 

The violet part of visible light

 

Radio waves

 

Gamma radiation

 

Infrared

 

2d
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3 marks

Certain types of electromagnetic radiation can have harmful effects on humans.

Use words from the box to complete the following sentences.

wavelength‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ frequency‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ cancer treatment‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ communications‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ionising‎

The higher the energy, the greater the ............................. of the radiation.

High-energy radiation is  ............................. which can be harmful to cells.

Therefore, lower energy radiation is used for ............................. because it is less harmful to humans.

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3a2 marks

This question is about X‐rays and visible light.

State one similarity and one difference between X‐rays and visible light.

Similarity .........................................................................

Difference ........................................................................

3b3 marks

This graph shows how the absorption of X‐rays changes with the thickness of metal.

q16b-paper2-oct-nov2020-ocr-gcse-physics

i) What percentage of X‐rays is absorbed by 4 mm of metal?

Percentage of X‐rays absorbed = .......................................% [1]

ii) Calculate the percentage of X‐rays passing through 4 mm of metal.

Use your answer to 16(b)(i) to help you.

Percentage of X‐rays = ...................................................... % [2]

3c3 marks

Use the words from the list to complete the sentences about the Universe.

You may use each word once, more than once, or not at all.

Big-Bang

Contracting 

CMBR 

Expanding

LDR 

 Red giant

Red shift

Solar system

The ............................................................ is a model of how the universe began.

Light from distant galaxies has a longer wavelength when it reaches Earth than when it was emitted.

This is called ............................................................ .

Distant galaxies are moving away faster so the universe is ............................................................ .

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4a5 marks

Look at the table showing information about the electromagnetic spectrum.

Radio

Micro-wave

Infra-red

Visible

light

Ultra-violet

X-rays

Gamma-rays

3MHz

30GHz

3THz

 

3000THz

3000000THz

300000000THz

100m

1cm

100μm

 

 

 

 

The speed of all electromagnetic radiation is 3 × 108m/s.

i) Use data in the table to show that the speed of microwaves is 3 × 108m/s.

[2]

ii) Ultra-violet waves typically have a frequency of 3000THz. Calculate the wavelength of these ultra-violet waves in nm.

Answer = ......................... nm [3]

4b1 mark

Ultra-violet waves can damage human skin.

Describe the damage caused to human skin by ultra-violet waves.

4c3 marks

Sun cream can be used to protect skin from ultra-violet waves. Sun creams have different sun protection factors (SPF).

Look at the information about a bottle of sun cream.

This sun cream has a SPF of 10.  

If used sensibly it can allow you up to 10 × longer in the Sun without   increasing the risk from ultra-violet waves.

i) A doctor says ‘adults should not sunbathe for more than 20 minutes in the midday sunshine when not using sun cream’.

If an adult used sun cream with SPF 6, how long could they safely sunbathe for?

Answer = ......................... minutes [1]

ii) The doctor says that children should always use at least SPF 50 sun cream.

Suggest reasons why.

[2]

4d6 marks

Higher Tier Only

 Ultrasound and X-rays are used to scan patients in hospital.

Look at the information about these two different waves.

Name

Frequency

Wavelength

Type

Description

Ultrasound

≥ 2MHz

≤ 1.6 × 10 -4m

Longitudinal

Pressure sound wave

X-rays

≥ 3 × 1016Hz

≤ 10nm

Transverse

Electromagnetic wave

Ultrasound and X-rays are used to scan different parts of the patient.

Explain how ultrasound and X-rays are used and evaluate the risks and benefits of using these two different waves to scan patients in hospital.

Use the information in the table in your answer.

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5a3 marks

Higher Tier Only

Describe the process of producing radio waves.

5b
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3 marks

Higher Tier Only

The diagram shows the process for the production of radio waves.

Diagram showing the generation of radio waves with gaps to complete for each piece of equipment. Power source symbol is connected to two pieces of metal, a transverse wave joins this to another two pieces of metal and a circuit with a voltmeter is at the end.

Label the diagram with the correct words for each piece of equipment.

5c
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1 mark

Higher Tier Only

Explain the properties of radio waves that make them ideal for transmitting TV signals over long distances.

5d
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2 marks

Compare and contrast the use of radio and microwaves for communication

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