Earth & Space (OCR Gateway GCSE Physics)

A student looks at two identical metal spoons, A and B.

Spoon A was placed in hot water at 70°C.

Spoon B is at 20°C.

Which spoon emits the most radiation?

Tick (✓) one box.

Explain your answer.

Explain why both spoons look identical to the student, even though they are at different temperatures.

Higher Only

The Earth contains a crust, mantle and core as shown in Fig. 22.1.

Fig. 22.1

Table 22.1 gives some data about seismic waves and the Earth.

Table 22.1

Describe what information the data in Table 22.1 gives about the structure of the Earth.

In your answer you should explain any trends in the data in Table 22.1.

Edwin Hubble discovered that all distant galaxies were moving away from the Earth.

Explain how he could tell that all distant galaxies were moving away from the Earth.

This graph shows how the speed of a galaxy changes with distance from the Earth.

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Before Edwin Hubble could publish his results, his work was peer reviewed.

Suggest why peer review is important.

The parsec (pc) is a unit used for measuring large distances in the Universe.

Speed = ................................................... m/s [2]

Time = ........................................................ s [3]

Scientists collect evidence from the universe and develop theories to explain their observations.

The diagram shows three absorption spectra showing red shift.

The white arrows show the relative position of the same band in the absorption spectra of a distant galaxy, a nearby galaxy and a star.

Using your knowledge of red shift, describe how the information in the diagrams supports the idea of the Big Bang model.

State two features of a satellite in a polar orbit?

Suggest a use for a satellite in a polar orbit.

An artificial satellite (X) is kept in a stable circular orbit around a planet by a centripetal force caused by gravity.

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