Which are the correct units for momentum?
A kg m s
B J
C N m
D kg m/s
State the equation used to define momentum.
State the law of conservation of momentum.
Did this page help you?
Which are the correct units for momentum?
A kg m s
B J
C N m
D kg m/s
State the equation used to define momentum.
State the law of conservation of momentum.
Did this page help you?
Which equations relating, momentum (), mass () and velocity () are correct?
Tick (✓) two boxes.
State the condition necessary for total momentum before to be equal to total momentum after an event.
Complete the sentences.
Choose answers from the box.
Each answer can be used once, more than once or not at all.
elastic | different | inelastic | identical |
When a collision is .............................. the objects move in opposite directions.
The velocities of the objects are ..............................
When a collision is .............................. the objects move in the same direction together.
The velocities of the objects are ..............................
Tony falls off his skateboard, sending it flying forward at 8.5 m/s.
The skateboard has a mass of 1.5 kg.
Calculate the momentum of the skateboard.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures and give the units.
momentum (2 significant figures) = .................................... units = .........................
Did this page help you?
A stationary leaky oil barrel is left unattended overnight next to a stationary faulty radio, shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
A spark from the radio ignites the oil leak, causing an explosion between the two objects.
State the initial momentum of the system, before the explosion.
Explain how you arrived at your answer.
You may assume the system is closed.
State the total momentum of the system after the explosion.
Name the physics law you used to determine this answer.
Right is defined as the positive direction.
The oil barrel has a mass of 80 kg and moves to the left with a velocity of −3.0 m/s.
Calculate the momentum of the oil barrel.
momentum = .................................... kg m/s
State the momentum of the radio after the collision.
Did this page help you?
Figure 10
The ball is released and allowed to fall to the ground.
The height h is 1.4 m.
Calculate the time, t, for the ball to reach the ground.
Use the equation
g = 10 m/s2
t = ............................................................. s
Two students use the arrangement shown in Figure 10.
They use a stopwatch to time the ball falling through the height of 1.4 m.
The students repeat the measurement many times, but their average value for t is different from the calculated value.
[1]
The box hits the floor and crumples a little before it comes to rest as shown in Figure 11b.
The momentum of the box just before it hits the floor is 8.7 kg m/s.
The box comes to rest 0.35 s after it first hits the floor.
force exerted by the floor on the box =................................. N
Figure 12
The ball is released from the clamp and falls.
S is 3.8 m below R.
At S the momentum of the ball is 0.40 kg m/s.
Calculate the mass of the ball.
Acceleration due to gravity, g, = 10 m/s2
mass of the ball ............................................................. kg
Did this page help you?
Expression | Quantity |
change in momentum ÷ time | |
mass × velocity |
Figure 1
The ball has a mass of 0.036 kg. The golf club is in contact with the ball for 2.5 × 10–4 s and the ball leaves the golf club at a speed of 40 m/s.
Calculate the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club to 2 significant figures.
[2]
Calculate the average resultant force acting on the ball, while it is in contact with the golf club, to 2 significant figures.
[2]
Figure 3
The mass of the hammer is 400 g.
When it hits the nail, the hammer is travelling downwards with a velocity of 6.3 m/s.
Calculate the momentum of the hammer.
It takes 0.050 s for the hammer to become stationary.
Calculate the amount of force that causes this to happen.
Did this page help you?
Figure 1
[2]
This causes their speed to decrease.
Explain why this happens.
Calculate their momentum after they have thrown the ball.
Ignore friction.
Explain how the pads protect their knees when they fall on the ice.
Did this page help you?
Some cars have a pedestrian airbag for safety, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
If a pedestrian is hit and lands on the front of the car, the airbag inflates.
Use ideas about momentum to explain how this airbag can reduce injuries to pedestrians.
The momentum of the car before the crash is 27 500 kg m/s.
An average force with a magnitude of 50 kN acts on the car in the opposite direction to the car's motion over 0.30 s.
Calculate the final momentum of the car after it passes through the wall.
Car Y is approaching car X from behind at 22 m/s.
The total momentum of the system is 29 500 N s.
Calculate the mass of car Y.
The driver of car Y is on their phone and they crash into the back of car X.
After the collision, both cars stick together and travel forward at the same speed.
Calculate the combined speed of the cars.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
Did this page help you?
He has to shoot pellets from a toy rifle at some cans filled with sand, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
He fires a pellet of mass 0.020 kg at the tins. The pellet moves at a velocity of 152 m/s.
The mass of can 1 is 0.15 kg. The pellet and can 1 move away together.
Calculate the velocity of the pellet and can as they move together to 2 significant figures.
The man fires another identical pellet at the same speed at another can identical to can 1.
This time, however, the pellet bounces off with a velocity of −30 m/s.
Calculate the velocity of the can.
The man misses and hits the table on which the cans rest.
Using the concept of inertia, explain why the table does not move as fast as the cans moved when hit.
Did this page help you?
Figure 12
☐ | A | 7.7 × 103 kg m/s | |
☐ | B | 7.7 × 106 kg m/s | |
☐ | C | 7.7 × 109 kg m/s | |
☐ | D | 7.7 × 1012 kg m/s |
[1]
[2]
speed of the asteroid = .............................................................. m/s
Figure 13
After a trolley is released, it accelerates down a slope and bounces off a rigid wall.
The speed of a trolley can be measured just before a collision with the wall and just after a collision with the wall.
The silver foils are connected to a millisecond timer.
The silver foils make contact with each other during the collision, so the time they are in contact can be read from the millisecond timer.
Explain how the student could investigate the effect of a crumple zone on the average force exerted during the collision.
Your explanation should include:
Newton’s third law, when applied to the collision of the rocket and the asteroid as shown in Figure 12, can be stated as follows:
The force exerted by the rocket on the asteroid is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the asteroid on the rocket.
Explain how this statement links to the conservation of momentum in the collision.
Did this page help you?
Car A has a mass of 600 kg and is travelling at at 30 miles per hour (miles/hour) to the right.
Car B is behind car A and is travelling at 40 miles/hour to the right.
The total momentum of the system is 58 000 kg miles/hour.
Calculate the mass of car B in kg.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
The driver of car B is on their phone and they crash into the back of car A.
After the collision, both cars stick together and travel forward at the same speed.
Calculate the combined speed of the cars, giving the unit.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
Show that kinetic energy is not conserved in this collision.
The collision occurs in 0.55 s.
Calculate the force experienced by car A to the appropriate number of significant figures.
Did this page help you?
Modern cars all feature crumple zones, which are designed to buckle and break in the event of a crash, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Derive the equation from the equations and , where is force, is change in momentum, is time, is acceleration, is change in velocity and is mass.
Using the equation relating force and momentum given in part (a), explain how the crumple zone of the car reduces the risk of injury in a crash.
Using the equation relating force and momentum given in part (a), explain why driving at a lower velocity is generally safer.
State whether it is safer for the passenger to crash into a wall or a parked vehicle. Explain your answer.
Did this page help you?