Generating Electricity (Edexcel GCSE Physics)

Higher Tier Only

• Electromagnetic (EM) induction is used to generate electricity
• EM induction is when:

A voltage is induced in a conductor or a coil when it moves through a magnetic field or when a magnetic field changes through it

• This is done by the conductor or coil cutting through the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field
• This is often referred to as the generator effect and is the opposite to the motor effect
  • In the motor effect, there is already a current in the conductor which experiences a force
  • In the generator effect, there is no initial current in the conductor but one is induced (created) when it moves through a magnetic field

Generator Effect in the Laboratory

• A potential difference will be induced in the conductor if there is relative movement between the conductor and the magnetic field
• Moving the electrical conductor in a fixed magnetic field
  • When a conductor (such as a wire) is moved through a magnetic field, the wire cuts through the fields lines
  • This induces a potential difference in the wire

Moving an electrical conductor in a magnetic field to induce a potential difference

• Moving the magnetic field relative to a fixed conductor
  • As the magnet moved through the coil, the field lines cut through the turns on the coil
  • This induces a potential difference in the coil

When the magnet enters the coil, the field lines cut through the turns, inducing a potential difference

• A sensitive voltmeter can be used to measure the size of the induced potential difference
• If the conductor is part of a complete circuit then a current is induced in the conductor
  • This can be detected by an ammeter

Generator Effect in the Large-Scale Generation of Electrical Energy

• EM Induction can be used to generate electricity on a large scale by replacing the moving wire with a spinning coil
• An a.c (alternating current) generator looks very similar to a motor, but instead of connecting it to a power supply, a coil is spun to produce electricity
• As the coil rotates, it cuts through the field lines
• This induces a potential difference between the end of the coil, which also then creates a current
• The electricity produce is in the form of a.c which can be found in the mains supply of a building
• This is also called an alternator

A.C Generator