Energy Transfers in Appliances (Edexcel GCSE Physics)

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Energy Transfers in Appliances

  • Everyday appliances transfer energy electrically from the mains supply to the appliance
    • For example, in a heater, energy is transferred to the thermal store of the heating element

  • The amount of energy an appliance transfers depends on:
    • The time the appliance is switched on for
    • The power of the appliance

  • A 1 kW iron uses the same amount of energy in 1 hour as a 2 kW iron would use in 30 minutes
  • A 100 W heater uses the same amount of energy in 30 hours as a 3000 W heater does in 1 hour

  • As charge (electrons) flows around a circuit, energy is transferred from the power source to the various components 
    • As the electrons pass through the power supply, energy is transferred to the electrons
    • As the electrons pass through each component, energy is transferred from the electrons to the components

Current and energy, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notesThe flow of charge transfers energy from the power source to the components

  • Different domestic appliances transfer energy electrically from the chemical store of the DC cells and batteries, such as a remote control
  • Most household appliances transfer energy electrically from the AC mains supply
  • The energy can be transferred to the kinetic store of an electric motor
  • Motors are used in:
    • Vacuum cleaners - to create the suction to suck in dust and dirt off carpets
    • Washing machines - to rotate the drum to wash (or dry) clothes
    • Refrigerators - to compress the refrigerant chemical into a liquid to reduce the temperature

  • Or, the energy can be transferred to the heating element of heating devices
  • Heating is used in:
    • Toasters - to toast bread
    • Kettles - to boil hot water
    • Radiators - hot water is pumped from the boiler so the radiator can heat up a room

Energy Transfers in Appliances | OCR Gateway GCSE Physics: Combined Science  Revision Notes 2018

Energy transfers for a washing machine and toaster

Power Ratings

  • The power of an appliance is the amount of energy it transfers by electrical work every second

    • Every electrical appliance has a power rating, which tells you how much energy it needs to work

      • The power rating for domestic electrical appliances is normally given on a label
      • This will include:
        • The potential difference required  (eg. 230 V in the UK)
        • The frequency of the supply (eg. 50 Hz in the UK)
        • The power rating in Watts (this varies for each device)

      • The higher the power rating, the quicker the change in stored energy
        • For example, a 2000 W kettle means the kettle transfers 2000 J of energy per second from one store to another

      • The different power ratings of various household appliances are listed in the table below as examples:

      Power Ratings Table

      Power of Household Appliances Table, downloadable IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

      • Care must be taken not to plug an appliance into a mains that is has a voltage that is much higher than stated on the label, for example in another country that has a higher mains voltage
        • This could cause the appliance to fuse or set fire and become damaged

      power-rating, IGCSE & GCSE Physics revision notes

      Mains electric appliances, such as this kettle, are fitted with labels that list important information such as the power and voltage of the appliance

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      Katie M

      Author: Katie M

      Expertise: Physics

      Katie has always been passionate about the sciences, and completed a degree in Astrophysics at Sheffield University. She decided that she wanted to inspire other young people, so moved to Bristol to complete a PGCE in Secondary Science. She particularly loves creating fun and absorbing materials to help students achieve their exam potential.