Structure of a Synovial Joint (AQA GCSE Physical Education (PE))

Structure of a Synovial Joint

• Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the human body

• They are characterised by a joint cavity filled with a lubricating synovial fluid which reduces friction

• The fluid is produced by the synovial membrane, which surrounds the joint

• The joint capsule surrounds the membrane, sealing the joint space and providing stability to the joint. It is made from tough fibrous tissue

• Synovial joints are capable of a variety of different movements which depends on the structure within the joint including the joint type and the ligaments 

The human hip joint

• The hip joint is a ball and socket synovial joint

• Articulation is between the bones of the femur (the ball), and the pelvis, (the socket)

• Cartilage covers both bones and provides a surface to prevent the bones from rubbing against each other

• Synovial fluid is enclosed within the ball and socket by a membrane, its function is to provide lubrication for smooth movement

• Bursae are small sacs filled with synovial fluid that help to reduce friction between the bones at the joint during movement

• The whole joint is encircled by ligaments which hold the bones in place; ligaments are made of tough connective tissue

• Skeletal muscles are involved to allow the femur to move within the pelvis socket

• The muscles are connected to each bone via tendons

Hip ball and socket diagram

The hip is an example of a ball and socket joint