Did this video help you?
Basic Percentages (AQA GCSE Maths)
Revision Note
Basic Percentages
What is a percentage?
- “Per-cent” simply means “ ÷ 100” (or “out of 100”)
- You can think of a percentage as a standardised way of expressing a fraction – by always expressing it “out of 100”
- That means it is a useful way of comparing fractions e.g.
½ = = 50%
⅖ = = 40%
¾ = = 75%
How do I work out basic percentages of amounts?
- You can use simple equivalences to calculate percentages of amounts without a calculator
- 50% = so you can divide by 2
- 25% = so you can divide by 4
- 20% = so you can divide by 5
- 10% = so you can divide by 10
- 5% = so you can find 10% then divide by 2
- 1% = so you can divide by 100 etc.
- You can then build up more complicated percentages such as 17% = 10% + 5% + 2 x 1%
How do I find any percentage of an amount?
- Method 1: You can find any percentage of an amount by dividing by 100 and multiplying by the given %
- 23% of 40 is 40 ÷ 100 = 0.4, multiply by 23: 0.4 × 23 = 9.2
- Method 2: To find “a percentage of X”: multiply X by the "decimal equivalent" of that percentage (percentage ÷ 100)
- for example, 23% of 40 is 40 x 0.23 = 9.2
- To find “A as a percentage of B”: do A ÷ B to get a decimal, then x 100, e.g.
- for example, to find 26 as a percentage of 40 first do 26 ÷ 40 = 0.65, then x 100 to get 65%
- 26 is 65% of 40
- for example, to find 26 as a percentage of 40 first do 26 ÷ 40 = 0.65, then x 100 to get 65%
Worked example
Jamal earns £1200 for a job he does and pays his agent £150 in commission.
Express his agent's commission as a percentage of Jamal's earnings.
Did this video help you?
Percentage Increases & Decreases
How do I increase or decrease by a percentage?
- Identify “before” & “after” quantities
- If working in percentages, add to (or subtract from) 100
- a percentage increase of 25% is 100 + 25 = 125% of the "before" price
- Add 25% to the original amount
- a percentage decrease of 25% is 100 - 25 = 75% of the "before" price
- Subtract 25% from the original amount
- a percentage increase of 25% is 100 + 25 = 125% of the "before" price
- A multiplier, p, is the decimal equivalent of a percentage increase or decrease
- The multiplier for a percentage increase of 25% is p = 1 + 0.25 = 1.25
- Multiply the original amount by the multiplier, 1.25, to find the new amount
- The multiplier for a percentage decrease of 25% is p = 1 - 0.25 = 0.75
- Multiply the original amount by the multiplier, 0.75, to find the new amount
- The multiplier for a percentage increase of 25% is p = 1 + 0.25 = 1.25
- The amount "before" and the amount "after" a percentage change are related by the formula "before" × p = "after"
- where p is the multiplier
How do I find a percentage change?
- Method 1: rearrange the formula "before" × p = "after" to make p (the multiplier) the subject
- p =
- Calculate p and interpret its value
- p = 1.02 shows a percentage increase of 2%
- p = 0.97 shows a percentage decrease of 3%
- Method 2: Use the formula that the "percentage change" is
- A positive value is a percentage increase
- A negative value is a percentage decrease
- The same formula can be used for percentage profit (or loss)
- the "cost" price is the price a shop has to pay to buy something and the "selling" price is how much the shop sells it for
- You can identify whether there is a profit or loss
- cost price < selling price = profit (formula gives a positive value)
- cost price > selling price = loss (formula gives a negative value)
Worked example
(a) Increase £200 by 18%
Write 18% as a percentage (by dividing by 100)
18 ÷ 100 = 0.18
Find the decimal equivalent of an 18% increase (by adding 1 to 0.18)
1 + 0.18 = 1.18
Multiply £200 by 1.18
200 × 1.18
£236
(b) Decrease 500 kg by 23%
Write 23% as a percentage (by dividing by 100)
23 ÷ 100 = 0.23
Find the decimal equivalent of a 23% decrease (by subtracting 0.23 from 1)
1 - 0.23 = 0.77
Multiply 500 by 0.77
500 × 0.77
385 kg
(c) The number of students in a school goes from 250 to 310. Describe this as a percentage change.
Use the formula "percentage change" =
This is a positive value so is a "percentage increase"
A percentage increase of 24%
You've read 0 of your 10 free revision notes
Unlock more, it's free!
Did this page help you?