c1250-c1500 The Middle Ages (Edexcel GCSE History: The Thematic & Historic Environment (Paper 1))

The Black Death was a punishment for humans from God for their sins.

Jewish people were poisoning the wells.

Infected fleas spread the disease from human to human.

Miasma from bad air vapours was released from the soil into the air.

The Church ran and owned hospitals in England.

Many patients visited hospitals to receive food, shelter and prayer.

All hospitals turned away people with infectious or terminal diseases.

Many hospitals had apothecaries on site to create remedies.

 It encouraged physicians to prevent patients from following an immoral lifestyle.

It encouraged people to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

 It encouraged apothecaries to experiment with alchemy.

 It encouraged people to drink lots of water.

Both were apprentices for seven years before qualifying.

Both experimented with alchemy and the supernatural.

Both carried out minor surgeries.

Both used and mixed herbal remedies to treat patients' illnesses.

The four humours, elements and seasons are at the centre of the two theories.

The Church dismissed both theories.

They were both created by Galen.

They both suggested ways to cure a person's illness.

It formed the basis for the balance and treatment of the humours. This was central to medieval medicine and was supported by the Church.

It helped explain the causes of epidemics and how to prevent them in medieval medicine by using the Theory of the Four Humours.

It was used to classify different types of medieval herbs and their medicinal properties. This formed the basis of books like Regimen Sanitatis.

It influenced the development of medieval surgical techniques and procedures which were used to teach dissections in universities throughout the medieval period.

The Church was very significant. They controlled the education of physicians, created textbooks and took care of patients in hospitals.

The Church was significant, but it had powerful opponents who undermined the Church’s authority. Individuals criticised the work of Galen and weakened the Church’s authority.

The Church was significant as it controlled important areas of medicine such as education and hospitals. However, many people still used methods or services which were not supported by the church, such as apothecaries.

The Church was not significant. Not everyone was able to go to hospitals, read medical textbooks or use physicians because they could not afford them.

Physicians were important as they trained for seven to ten years and were the most educated medical professionals available at the time. They read the texts of Galen and, as a result, were trusted professionals.

Physicians were important as they had lots of practical experience in diagnosis and surgery.

Physicians were important as they examined a patient and used their star sign to form a diagnosis.

Physicians were important because they were very expensive. Only royalty and the wealthy could afford physicians during the medieval period.

They were not regulated by an official governing body until 1890.

They were seen as efficient as you could have your hair cut and have surgery at the same time.

They had methods for pain relief which were more successful than physicians.

They were cheap and affordable. Most people could not afford to see a physician.

The government’s lack of action was responsible for the continuation of the Black Death.

It challenged the Church’s power in England when it banned preaching and religious ceremonies to prevent the spread of the Black Death.

The rich helped the poor people of England by providing them with money and food.

The government intervened in the public’s health. This went against their usual laissez-faire positioning.