What is a ‘survival crime’?
When someone commits a crime, such as poaching, they want other animals to survive in an environment in which they are currently dying in.
When someone commits a crime, such as petty theft, as they can not afford the food which they need to survive.
When someone commits a crime, such as treason, as they want their religion to survive in England.
When someone commits a crime, such as murder, they have to kill another person to survive.
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What was a penny dreadful?
A criminal highway robbery gang of the 17th century.
A nickname given to those who refuse to hand over their possessions to a highway robber.
A cheap, sensationalist publication which told tales of violent crimes such as highway robbery.
The name of a common punishment given to a convicted highwayman.
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Who were the Waltham Blacks?
A group of Catholics who plotted to kill the king.
A group of poachers who carried out raids against wealthy landowners.
A group of highwaymen who attacked only wealthy travellers on roads.
A group of Puritans who were transported to North America for trying to start a Puritan revolution in England.
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Why did the government in the 18th and 19th centuries see smuggling as a serious crime?
Smuggling was easy to prevent, so the government wanted it stopped immediately.
Smuggling was seen as a crime against a person.
Smuggling was causing social disorder in England.
Smuggling was disruptive to trade and tax revenue.
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Why were the Tolpuddle Martyrs transported to Australia for seven years?
They were found guilty of taking oaths of secrecy.
They were found guilty of treason.
They were found guilty of murder.
They were found guilty of poaching.
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Who were the Fielding brothers?
Henry and John Fielding were magistrates who wanted to stop poaching on wealthy landowners' land.
Henry and John Fielding were magistrates who wanted to end transportation to Australia.
Henry and John Fielding were magistrates who wanted to put more men on the streets of London to deter crime.
Henry and John Fielding were magistrates who wanted to end the ‘Bloody Code’ in England.
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When was the Police Act introduced?
1856
1867
1888
1892
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What does CID stand for?
Criminal Inspection Department.
Criminal Impact Department.
Criminal Investigation Department.
Criminal Identification Department.
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Why was Pentonville Prison made?
To keep criminals before they were transported to Australia.
To act as a model for new ideas and reforms for prisons.
As a prison for women and children.
To serve as a military detention centre.
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Which of the following was not a key feature of Pentonville Prison?
Individual stalls during religious instruction.
Thick walls, to stop prisoners from talking to each other.
Looms in prison cells, for prisoners to weave.
Prison cells had large windows with bars on them.
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Why did Robert Peel reform the penal code?
The expansion of the ‘Bloody Code’ created a decrease in the number of capital offences, meaning criminals were being given soft punishments for major crimes.
The death penalty could be legally used for minor crimes.
Judges thought the ‘Bloody Code’ was fair and was commonly used.
The use of transportation as a punishment was being used less, which affected the colonies.
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When was the Gaols Act passed by Parliament?
1820
1821
1822
1823
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What caused the increase in highway robbery in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Trade decreased, meaning more people were travelling to find the goods they needed. This gave highwaymen more opportunities for crime.
More inns and taverns near roads, giving highwaymen more opportunities for crime.
Town watchmen did not track highwaymen across counties, so criminals could easily escape.
Road surfaces had improved, resulting in more coaches on the road. This gave highwaymen more opportunities for crime.
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Which of the following was not a cause of the decrease in highway robbery in the 19th century?
The increasing number of banks meant that fewer travellers carried large amounts of money on the road.
In 1773, highway robbery became punishable by death, which deterred people from becoming highwaymen.
Rewards encouraged people to identify highwaymen.
The population grew near the quiet and isolated roads making it harder for highwaymen to ambush travellers.
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What caused the public to criticise the Met in its early days?
The public feared the police would become like an army.
The public wanted the police to spy on the public to stop serious crimes, but the Met openly rejected this idea.
The public in favour of ‘social crimes’ was worried that the Met would be too effective and crimes like smuggling would stop.
The public gave police officers derogatory nicknames such as ‘big hat’, due to their large police hats.
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How were people’s opinions about punishment different in the early modern period and the 18th and 19th centuries?
Public executions were beginning to put people off committing crimes.
Juries were starting to overuse the punishments of the ‘Bloody Code.’
More people began to believe that punishment should aim at reforming criminals.
The public felt that the government was finally fulfilling the aims of punishment.
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How was policing similar in the early modern period and the 18th and 19th centuries?
Watchmen, parish constables and soldiers were still used to police 18th and 19th-century Britain.
The Met were still the main source of policing in 18th and 19th century Britain.
Watchmen, parish constables and soldiers were still able to use fingerprinting to identify criminals.
The role of policing remained a well-respected profession by the public throughout both periods.
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How did urbanisation continue to affect crime in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Urban areas were tightly-knit communities, however, it became harder for communities to know each other due to their size.
Urban areas were still underpopulated, causing an increase in petty theft due to poverty.
Urban areas were still overcrowded and were hard to catch due to the environment.
Urban areas were well controlled by local law enforcement, and ‘professional’ criminals continued to be caught easily by law enforcement.
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Why had the crime of witchcraft changed in the 18th and 19th centuries?
The end of the English Civil War created political instability, judges were needed in London to deal with parliamentary issues rather than dealing with witch trials.
There was more political stability and scientific advancements which people relied upon.
Educated people started believing in magic, the lower classes started to rebel against their authority and stop witch trials.
Charles II wanted to restore the witch trials but was discouraged by Parliament.
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Which of the following was not a change suggested by Elizabeth Fry to improve prison conditions?
Prisons should focus on reforming criminals and set up a prayer group.
Prisons should employ female warders to work with female and child prisoners.
Food and clothes for prisoners should be improved. She provided this to the inmates at Newgate prison.
To separate criminals in prison. To stop more experienced criminals from corrupting minor ones.
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Why was the passing of the 1829 Metropolitan Police Act important in 19th-century Britain?
The government feared a British Revolution as high food prices and unemployment caused protests. A police force would be an effective method of dealing with protests.
Taxes could be lowered as local authorities no longer needed to employ town watchmen and could have a cheaper police force.
As towns became less populated, the role of a constable was no longer needed and a police force would save local authorities money.
The increase in unemployment in Britain caused an increase in crime. The government feared that people would accept violent crime as a ‘social crime’ and that a police force could prevent this.
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Why did the punishment of transportation to Australia end in the 1840s?
The convicts were getting a holiday when they were transported. This was seen as an unethical use of taxpayers' money.
Due to the discovery of gold in Australia, they no longer needed forced labourers.
By the 1830s, transportation was costing the British government a million pounds every year.
Crime decreased in Britain. Therefore, transportation was no longer needed.
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