11 mark
What year did Khrushchev issue his ultimatum regarding Berlin?
1948.
1956.
1958.
1961.
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Berlin, 1958-1963 (Edexcel GCSE History: Period Study (Paper 2, Booklet P))
Exam Questions
18 mins18 questions21 mark
Which summit was the first official meeting to discuss the issue of Berlin in 1959?
Paris Summit.
Vienna Summit.
Camp David Summit.
Geneva Summit.
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31 mark
Which US President replaced Eisenhower and met Khrushchev at the Vienna Summit in 1961?
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
John F. Kennedy.
Richard Nixon.
Harry S. Truman.
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41 mark
What was the first physical barrier used to divide East and West Berlin on August 12, 1961?
Concrete walls.
A river.
Barbed wire.
Electric fences.
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51 mark
Which speech did President Kennedy deliver during his visit to West Berlin in June 1963?
"Ich bin ein Berliner"
"I Have a Dream"
"Evil Empire"
"Tear Down This Wall"
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61 mark
Who was the leader of the GDR that urged Khrushchev to act quickly in constructing the Berlin Wall?
Joseph Stalin.
Walter Ulbricht.
Nikita Khrushchev.
Leonid Brezhnev.
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71 mark
What was the "Brain Drain" in the context of the Berlin Crisis?
A military strategy to push Western troops out of Berlin.
The loss of skilled workers from East to West Germany.
A secret Soviet operation to recruit workers from West Berlin to East Berlin.
A propaganda campaign to control the minds of East Berlin citizens.
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81 mark
What did the construction of the Berlin Wall symbolise during the Cold War?
The success of Soviet communism.
The collapse of capitalism.
The physical and ideological divide between East and West.
The end of the Cold War.
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91 mark
By 1958, how many people had left the GDR?
One million.
Two million.
Three million.
Four million.
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101 mark
What was Khrushchev’s Ultimatum to the West?
If Western troops were not removed from Berlin in 6 months, Khrushchev would hand over control of all of Berlin’s transport routes to the GDR.
If Western troops were not removed from Berlin in 9 months, Khrushchev would order GDR troops to open fire on Western troops.
If Western troops were not removed from Berlin in 12 months, the USSR would invade West Germany.
If Western troops were not removed from Berlin in 3 months, the USSR would use a nuclear weapon on West Berlin.
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11 mark
What was a major consequence of the Berlin refugee crisis by 1958?
The Berlin Wall was torn down.
Approximately three million Germans left the GDR.
The USA lost its influence in Berlin.
Khrushchev received support from the USA.
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21 mark
What event in 1960 significantly disrupted US-Soviet relations and affected the Paris Summit?
The building of the Berlin Wall.
The Hungarian Uprising.
The U-2 spy-plane incident.
The Cuban Missile Crisis.
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31 mark
What caused the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961?
To allow free movement between East and West Berlin.
To prevent the spread of communism.
To stop the mass migration of East Germans to the West.
To unify East and West Germany.
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41 mark
What was a major negative consequence of the Berlin Wall's construction?
Increased US influence in East Berlin.
The implementation of communism in East Berlin.
The end of Soviet control in East Germany.
The separation of families and friends in Berlin.
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11 mark
How did the Berlin Wall initially affect US-Soviet relations?
It led to improved relations because it created a stalemate over Berlin.
It worsened relations because building a wall without warning escalated tensions over Berlin.
It improved relations because it caused the USA to leave West Berlin.
It worsened relations because it made communism seem stronger than capitalism.
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21 mark
What was a long-term consequence of the Berlin Wall on Cold War tensions?
The Berlin Wall caused a complete diplomatic breakdown between the USA and the USSR.
The wall caused improved cooperation between the superpowers.
The Berlin Wall created a stalemate over the issue of Berlin. It prevented further escalation.
The wall began the process of the reunification of Berlin under Soviet control.
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31 mark
What impact did Khrushchev's Ultimatum have on Cold War tensions?
Khrushchev’s Ultimatum had a significant impact on Cold War tensions. Khrushchev believed that his threat was the only way to solve the refugee crisis, whereas Eisenhower saw the action as aggressive.
Khrushchev’s Ultimatum had an impact on Cold War tensions. Khrushchev just wanted a way to spread communism across the whole of Berlin.
Khrushchev’s Ultimatum had no impact on Cold War tensions. Eisenhower expected the Ultimatum. He expected that Khrushchev would not follow through with his threats.
Khrushchev’s Ultimatum reduced Cold War tensions. Each side now had a clearer understanding of the other’s intentions. This allowed the USSR and the USA to work together to create a solution over Berlin.
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41 mark
What impact did the summit meetings of 1959 to 1961 have on Cold War tensions?
The summit meetings had a significant impact on Cold War tensions. The situation in Berlin forced both leaders to take more extreme measures. Kennedy increased the US armed forces budget.
The summit meetings had an impact on Cold War tensions. Cold War tensions had gotten so bad that, in July, Kennedy constructed the Berlin Wall.
The summit meetings had no impact on Cold War tensions. Numerous peace talks had not succeeded in resolving the issue of governing.
The summit meetings reduced Cold War tensions. The peace summits were successful as Khrushchev backed down from his Ultimatum.
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