Urbanisation in the UK (Edexcel GCSE Geography A)

Urban Populations in the UK

• The distribution of the UK population is uneven 

• The average population density is 281 people per km²

• In urban areas, such as London, Brighton and Luton, this increases to over 5000 people per km²

• In most rural areas, it decreases to fewer than 50 people per km²

UK population density in km²

• The most populous region is the south-east of England, with cities such as London, Birmingham and Manchester and areas with attractions, employment and entertainment

• The lowest density is found in Northern Scotland due to its mountainous landscape and unpredictable climate

• Much of the rest of the UK has a higher density population due to its gentle hills, moderate climate and excellent transport links

Major cities of the UK

Varying Rates of Urbanisation in the UK

• The fastest-growing cities are in the southeast of England, where many cities have developed into conurbations

• This is also the region with the fastest-growing economy at present

• London is not only the capital but also the UK’s biggest city, with 9.5 million people and a global financial centre

• Birmingham is the second-largest city, with a population of 1.1 million

• Population distribution is affected by relief

  • It is harder to develop on mountainous terrain than lowland areas such as Birmingham, London and Cardiff

• Certain coastal areas have a higher population density distribution, particularly where estuaries are sheltered, allowing key ports and harbours to be built 

  • Fishing ports of Grimsby, Whitby (England) and Portavogie in Northern Ireland

  • Liverpool, Bristol, and Southampton as key trade ports

Distribution of the UK's Population

Factors Affecting Population Densities