7.3 Changing City Environments (Edexcel GCSE Geography A)

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  • State the stages of the enquiry process.

    The stages of an enquiry are:

    • Identify questions

    • Select methods

    • Present data

    • Analyse data

    • Draw conclusions

    • Evaluate

  • What is the role of theories in urban enquiries?

    Theories like urban models help explain patterns in data and identify where data differs from expectations.

  • True or False?

    'How does the quality of the urban environment vary along a transect?' is an example of an urban enquiry aim.

    True.

    'How does the quality of the urban environment vary along a transect?' is an example of an urban enquiry aim.

  • What is a null hypothesis?

    A null hypothesis states the opposite of the regular hypothesis to avoid bias in data collection. For example, 'Environmental quality does not improve with distance from the CBD'.

  • True or False?

    All urban areas must be sampled.

    False.

    It is not practical to sample all urban areas, so strategies like systematic sampling along transects are used.

  • How would stratified sampling be used for urban area enquiries?

    Stratified sampling ensures the sample represents the whole population, like 10% of a survey being over 65 if they are 10% of the local population.

  • What equipment is used for urban fieldwork?

    Equipment includes:

    • Recording sheets

    • Surveys

    • Cameras

    • Noise meters

    • Maps

  • What risks are considered for urban fieldwork?

    Risks of an urban enquiry include:

    • Weather

    • Traffic

    • Getting lost

    • Talking to strangers

    • Pollution

  • Why is random sampling appropriate for an urban environment enquiry?

    Random sampling is appropriate. for an urban environment enquiry because all sites have an equal chance of being selected.

  • How are questionnaires used in urban enquiries?

    Questionnaires gather opinions of locals through open/closed questions about issues like impacts of new housing.

  • What data do Environmental Quality Surveys collect?

    Environmental quality survey data is quantitative, rating factors like pavements, litter and traffic at different urban sites.

  • How can photographs be used in urban fieldwork?

    Photographs and sketches are qualitative data showing land use changes and features at sample sites.

  • What are the strengths of using bar graphs for data presentation?

    Bar graphs summarize data well, are easy to interpret/construct, and show trends clearly.

  • What is a rose diagram used for?

    Rose diagrams use bars along compass directions to plot data like noise levels.

  • What data are divided bar charts used to present?

    Divided bar charts compare numeric values between categories like time periods.

  • What is a key limitation of divided bar charts?

    Divided bar charts make it hard to identify changes, show actual values instead of just percentages, and are difficult to construct accurately.

  • What statistical methods can be used to analyse urban data?

    Statistical methods used to analyse urban data include calculating the mean for variables like traffic counts or survey scores.

  • How are photographs/sketches analysed for urban enquiries?

    Photographs and sketches provide qualitative analysis of land use features, changes due to new development, data collection methods, etc.

  • What should conclusions for urban enquiries include?

    Conclusions should state if the hypothesis was proved or disproved. Anomalies should also be identified and explained.